What is constipation?

Constipation is a common symptom some people experience. While it can be uncomfortable, it isn’t usually serious.
Constipation is one of the most common reasons for visiting the doctor. About 2.5 million Americans talk to their doctor every year about constipation. If you occasionally have constipation, you can easily find constipation relief with some simple at home practices.
Constipation is not a disease but a symptom some people experience. It occurs when you have less bowel movements than usual. They are uncomfortable, difficult to pass or take a long time to pass, and are a hard stool.
You may have more or less bowel movements than other people, but there isn’t a right number. Regularity is different for everyone.
Signs of constipation
Symptoms of constipation may vary, but you may have constipation if you have some signs including:
- Less than three bowel movements a week
- Hard, dry stool
- Small amounts of stool
- Bloating
- Feeling uncomfortable
- Difficult bowel movements
- Painful bowel movements
- Stomach cramps
- Abdominal pain
- Feeling sluggish
- Straining during bowel movements
Causes of constipation
Normally, the colon absorbs water and makes stools as food passes through. Your body absorbs most of the water as the muscles contract and push the stool toward the rectum. This makes the stool solid. If the muscles don’t contract well, the stool moves slowly, and your body absorbs too much water. The stool then turns hard and dry.
Some causes of constipation can include:
- Not enough exercise
- Not enough fluids
- Not enough fiber
- Medications
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Travel
- Pregnancy
- Aging
- Ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement
- Abusing laxatives
- Intestinal disorders
- Other diseases
Who can have constipation?
Anyone can have constipation at any time. Older people are more likely to become constipated, but people who have intestinal disorders, other diseases, or are pregnant may be more likely to have constipation.
Children often get constipated, which can occur especially during toilet training or during life changes, like attending a new school or daycare or moving to a new house. Some children may find it painful to pass a stool, which can make them ignore urges or hold it back and make the constipation worse.
Diagnosis for constipation
Constipation can be a symptom of other diseases, so it is important to speak to your doctor if it is persistent. Your doctor will take your personal and medical history and a list of your symptoms.
They may perform a physical exam, which might involve inserting a gloved finger into the rectum. This will help check the amount of stool and for any obstruction, blood, or pain.
Your doctor may do other tests like x-rays, a colonoscopy, or a barium enema to check the structure and function of the intestines.
Treatments for constipation
Most of the time, constipation isn’t serious. You can normally manage it by making adjustments to your diet and lifestyle.
However, you may find that you are uncomfortable and need some constipation relief. You may be able to use some self-care practices or prescriptions from your doctor to help.
Medication
You may be able to find constipation relief with over-the-counter medications. These may include different types of laxatives such as:
- Fiber supplements
- Magnesium supplements
- Lubricant suppositories
- Herbal teas
Sometimes, your medications may be the cause of your constipation. You may need to talk with your doctor to adjust your prescription or find another alternative.
Treating other diseases that cause constipation like thyroid disease, diabetes, or neurological diseases like Parkinson’s may also help your constipation relief.
Home care and remedies
The best way to find constipation relief is to change your diet and lifestyle and practice healthy habits. You can:
- Drink more water
- Avoid alcohol
- Eat more fruits and vegetables
- Eat more whole grains and beans
- Exercise
- Keep a regular toilet routine
- Place your feet on a stool while on the toilet to make it easier to pass stool
Alternative therapies
Some people may find chronic constipation relief with biofeedback therapy. Biofeedback is used for constipation caused by anorectal dysfunction—problems with the anus or rectum. It helps retrain the muscles that control the release of bowel movements.
Possible complications and side effects
Most of the time, constipation isn’t serious, but sometimes constipation can cause complications. These may include:
- Hemorrhoids
- Annal fissures
- Rectal bleeding
- Rectal prolapse
- Fecal impaction
- Bowel obstruction
Sometimes your constipation may be a sign of other problems. You should talk to your doctor if you:
- Have blood in your stools
- Are often constipated and it lasts a long time
- Have lost weight
- Feel tired all the time
If you strain during a bowel movement, some blood may appear in the toilet. However, if you have blood in your stool, or nothing you do helps your constipation, you should speak to your doctor.
You should be careful when using laxatives. They may give you fast constipation relief but they could cause you more problems. If you overuse them or abuse them, they may make your constipation worse.

SLIDESHOW
How to Get Rid of Hemorrhoids: Types, Causes, and Treatments See SlideshowHealth Solutions From Our Sponsors
Beth Israel Lahey Health Winchester Hospital: "Constipation."
Johns Hopkins Medicine: "Constipation."
National Health Service: "Constipation."
National Health Service: "Constipation in children."
National Institute of Health National Institute on Aging: "Concerned About Constipation?"
Top What Helps Constipation Fast Related Articles
Boost Digestive Health
Upset stomach? Some foods may be the culprits, and bad habits may be to blame. Treat your body right with these simple nutrition tips on how to deal with with diarrhea, gas, reflux, and more digestive ailments.Can You Still Poop With Impacted Feces?
Digestion is the process of breaking down food in the gut so that it is in easily absorbable forms. The food travels from the mouth to the food pipe, stomach, small bowel, and large bowel to be finally eliminated through the anus. The small bowel (small intestine) absorbs nutrients from the food.Constipation
Constipation is defined medically as fewer than three stools per week and severe constipation as less than one stool per week. Constipation usually is caused by the slow movement of stool through the colon. There are many causes of constipation including medications, poor bowel habits, low-fiber diets, laxative abuse, and hormonal disorders, and diseases primarily of other parts of the body that also affect the colon.Constipation Myths and Facts
Constipation results in fewer bowel movements. Laxatives, home remedies, and diet changes may bring constipation relief. Change habits that constipate you and adopt lifestyle changes to benefit your intestines and bowel. Bloating and chronic constipation are relieved with the right medical treatments.Constipation: Foods to Eat, Foods to Avoid Quiz
Take this quiz to find out what foods to eat, and what foods to avoid to prevent or relieve constipation.What Is the Difference Between Fecal Impaction and Constipation?
Constipation and fecal impaction are similar since fecal impaction is a severe form of constipation.Home Remedies for Constipation
Constipation is usually an easily treatable problem. A few changes in diet, lifestyle, and making use of certain over the counter products can help relieve it. Here are seven natural home remedies to relieve constipation.How Do You Relieve Constipation During Pregnancy?
Learn what medical treatments can help ease constipation during pregnancy and speed up your recovery.How Do You Treat Rectal Prolapse in Kids?
Learn what medical treatments can help ease symptoms of rectal prolapse in kids and speed up recovery.Is Impacted Stool an Emergency?
Impacted stool caused by chronic constipation can cause emergency complications, but treatment for mild cases is straightforward.Laxatives for Constipation
Laxatives types for the treatment of constipation include over-the-counter (OTC) preparations, for example, bulk-forming laxatives, stool softeners, lubricant laxatives, stimulants, or saline laxatives, enemas, and suppositories.Top 12 Foods for Constipation Relief
Constipation is a common problem, and almost everyone has been constipated at one time or another. There are foods that can help prevent constipation and also provide relief, for example, kiwi, prunes, beans (your choice of type), berries, certain seeds, potatoes, and popcorn.15 Foods That Cause Constipation
Constipation or the decrease in frequency and/or difficulty in passing stools (bowel movements) can be caused by a variety of problems. Check out these top 15 foods to avoid because they cause constipation. Some foods to avoid include, white rice and bread, caffeine, bananas, alcohol, processed foods, and frozen dinners.