Multimedia: Slideshows, Images & Quizzes
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Bacterial Infections 101: Types, Symptoms, and Treatments
Get more information on bacterial skin infections, which bacteria cause food poisoning, sexually transmitted bacteria, and more....
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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Symptoms, Diagnosis, Medication
Bladder infections can be painful and often require medical treatment. Get the latest information on urinary tract infections...
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Diverticulitis (Diverticulosis) Symptoms, Diet, Treatment
Diverticulitis (diverticulosis) is a condition in which the diverticulum or diverticula rupture in the colon, causing infection....
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Urine: What Your Pee Says About Your Health
Have you been asked to provide a urinalysis sample? A urinalysis examines the cells and substances in your urine to search for...
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Urinary Incontinence in Women: Types, Causes, and Treatments for Bladder Control
Urinary incontinence in women is a common problem. Overactive bladder (OAB), stress incontinence, and urge incontinence can be...
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Bladder Infections: UTI Causes, Symptoms, Treatments
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI's) can happen to anyone. Learn about symptoms, causes and home remedy treatments for bladder and...
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Urinary Tract Infection Quiz
How would you know if you had urinary tract infection (UTI)? Take the Urinary Tract Infection in Adult Quiz to learn the causes,...
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Picture of Bladder
The urinary bladder is a muscular sac in the pelvis, just above and behind the pubic bone. See a picture of the Bladder and learn...
QUESTION
How much urine does the average adult pass each day? See AnswerRelated Disease Conditions
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Common Medical Abbreviations List
Doctors, pharmacists, and other health-care professionals use abbreviations, acronyms, and other terminology for instructions and information in regard to a patient's health condition, prescription drugs they are to take, or medical procedures that have been ordered. There is no approved this list of common medical abbreviations, acronyms, and terminology used by doctors and other health- care professionals. You can use this list of medical abbreviations and acronyms written by our doctors the next time you can't understand what is on your prescription package, blood test results, or medical procedure orders. Examples include: ANED: Alive no evidence of disease. The patient arrived in the ER alive with no evidence of disease. ARF: Acute renal (kidney) failure cap: Capsule. CPAP: Continuous positive airway pressure. A treatment for sleep apnea. DJD: Degenerative joint disease. Another term for osteoarthritis. DM: Diabetes mellitus. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes HA: Headache IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease. A name for two disorders of the gastrointestinal (BI) tract, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis JT: Joint N/V: Nausea or vomiting. p.o.: By mouth. From the Latin terminology per os. q.i.d.: Four times daily. As in taking a medicine four times daily. RA: Rheumatoid arthritis SOB: Shortness of breath. T: Temperature. Temperature is recorded as part of the physical examination. It is one of the "vital signs."
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STDs in Men
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections transmitted during sexual contact. They may be caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. STDs in men cause no symptoms or symptoms like genital burning, itching, sores, rashes, or discharge. Common infections that are sexually transmitted in men include gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, hepatitis C and B, genital warts, human papillomavirus (HPV), and genital herpes. Some STDs in men are treatable while others are not. STDs are diagnosed with tests that identify proteins or genetic material of the organisms causing the infection. The prognosis of an STD depends on whether the infection is treatable or not. Use of latex condoms can help reduce the risk of contracting an STD but it does not eliminate the risk entirely.
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What Causes Abdominal Pain?
Abdominal pain can have many causes that range from mild to severe. Some of these causes include bloating, gas, colitis, endometriosis, food poisoning, GERD, IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), ovarian cysts, abdominal adhesions, diverticulitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, gallbladder disease, liver disease, and cancers. Signs and symptoms of the more serious causes include dehydration, bloody or black tarry stools, severe abdominal pain, pain with no urination or painful urination. Treatment for abdominal pain depends upon the cause.
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Fever in Adults and Children
Although a fever technically is any body temperature above the normal of 98.6 F (37 C), in practice, a person is usually not considered to have a significant fever until the temperature is above 100.4 F (38 C). Fever is part of the body's own disease-fighting arsenal; rising body temperatures apparently are capable of killing off many disease-producing organisms.
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How Fast Does Amoxicillin Work for a UTI?
Learn how amoxicillin can help ease your urinary tract infection symptoms and help you manage this condition.
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Testicular Pain
Testicular pain, or pain in the testicle or testicles are caused by a variety of diseases or conditions such as testicular trauma, testicular torsion, varicoceles, testicular cancer, epididymitis caused by infections such as STDs, and orchitis. Common symptoms of pain in the testicle or testicles are abdominal pain, urinary pain or incontinence, fever, nausea, vomiting, and pain in the scrotum or testicle. Treatment depends on the cause of the testicular pain or pain in the testicles.
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Group B Strep
Group B strep are bacteria called Streptococcus agalactiae that may sometimes cause infections both in a pregnant woman and her baby. Symptoms include fever, seizures, heart rate abnormalities, breathing problems, and fussiness. Intravenous antibiotics are used to treat group B strep infections.
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Pinworms (Enterobiasis) in Kids and Adults
Pinworm infection is an intestinal infection caused by a pinworm, seatworm, or threadworm. Female pinworms leave the intestine through the ankus and deposit eggs on the skin around the anus while a person is asleep. Pinworm infection is the most common worm infection in the U.S. Symptoms include anal itching or vaginal itching. Pinworm infection is generally spread by inadequate handwashing from infected persons. Treatment is effective after a diagnosis is made with a pinworm test.
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Kidney Pain: Symptoms, Treatment, and Causes
Kidney pain has a variety of causes and symptoms. Infection, injury, trauma, bleeding disorders, kidney stones, and less common conditions may lead to kidney pain. Symptoms associated with kidney pain may include fever, vomiting, nausea, flank pain, and painful urination. Treatment of kidney pain depends on the cause of the pain.
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The First Signs of Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)
Kidney stones are solid masses of crystalline material that form in the kidneys. Symptoms of kidney stones can include pain, nausea, vomiting, and even fever and chills. Kidney stones are diagnosed via CT scans and specialized X-rays. Treatment of kidney stones involves drinking lots of fluids and taking over-the-counter pain medications to medical intervention including prescription medications, lithotripsy, and sometimes even surgery.
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are among the most common infectious diseases in the United States. STDs can be spread through any type of sexual activity involving the sex organs, the anus or mouth, or through contact with blood during sexual activity. Examples of STDs include, chancroid, chlamydia, gonorrhea, granuloma inguinale, lymphogranuloma venereum, syphilis, genital herpes, genital warts, trichomoniasis, pubic lice (crabs), and scabies. Treatment is generally with antibiotics; however, some STDs that go untreated can lead to death.
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Pregnancy (Week by Week, Trimesters)
Signs and symptoms of pregnancy vary by stage (trimester). The earliest pregnancy symptom is typically a missed period, but others include breast swelling and tenderness, nausea and sometimes vomiting, fatigue, and bloating. Second trimester symptoms include backache, weight gain, itching, and possible stretch marks. Third trimester symptoms are additional weight gain, heartburn, hemorrhoids, swelling of the ankles, fingers, and face, breast tenderness, and trouble sleeping. Eating a healthy diet, getting a moderate amount of exercise, also are recommended for a healthy pregnancy. Information about the week by week growth of your baby in the womb are provided.
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Bladder Infection (Cystitis)
Bladder infection is an infection of the bladder, usually caused by bacteria or, rarely, by Candida. Certain people, including females, the elderly, men with enlarged prostates, and those with chronic medical conditions are at increased risk for bladder infection. Bladder infections are treated with antibiotics, but cranberry products and adequate hydration may help prevent bladder infections.
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Blood Clots (in the Leg)
Blood clots can occur in the venous and arterial vascular system. Blood clots can form in the heart, legs, arteries, veins, bladder, urinary tract and uterus. Risk factors for causes of blood clots include high blood pressure and cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, and family history. Symptoms of a blood clot depend on the location of the clot. Some blood clots are a medical emergency. Blood clots are treated depending upon the cause of the clot. Blood clots can be prevented by lowering the risk factors for developing blood clots.
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Sepsis
Sepsis (blood poisoning) is a potentially deadly infection with signs and symptoms that include elevated heart rate, low or high temperature, rapid breathing and/or a white blood cell count that is too high or too low and has more than 10% band cells. Most cases of sepsis are caused by bacterial infections, and some cases are caused by fungal infections. Treatment requires hospitalization, IV antibiotics, and therapy to treat any organ dysfunction.
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Can You Flush Out a UTI With Water?
Patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) are usually advised to drink six to eight glasses (1.5 to 2 liters) of water every day to flush the infection out of the urinary system.
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Urinary Retention
Urinary retention (inability to urinate) may be caused by nerve disease, spinal cord injury, prostate enlargement, infection, surgery, medication, bladder stone, constipation, cystocele, rectocele, or urethral stricture. Symptoms include discomfort and pain. Treatment depends upon the cause of urinary retention.
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Diverticulitis (Diverticulosis, Diverticular Disease)
Most people with diverticulosis have few if any symptoms at all. When people do experience signs and symptoms of diverticulosis (diverticular disease) they may include abdominal pain, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating. Diverticulitis is a condition in which diverticuli in the colon rupture. The rupture results in infection in the tissues that surround the colon. Treatment methods for diverticulitis includes prescription medications, and in some cases, diverticulitis surgery.
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Diabetes Symptoms in Women
Diabetes symptoms in women include vaginal itching, pain, or discharge, loss if interest or pain after having sex, polycystic ovarian syndrome (POS), and urinary tract infections or UTIs (which are more common in women. Symptoms of diabetes that are the same in women and men are excessive thirst and hunger, bad breath, and skin infections, darkening of skin in areas of body creases (acanthosis nigricans), breath odor that is fruity, sweet, or acetone, and tingling or numbness in the hands or feet, blurred vision, fatigue, tingling or numbness in the hands or feet, wounds that heal slowly, irritability, and weight loss or gain. Complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the same, for example, skin, eye, and circulation problems, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), ketoacidosis, and amputation. If diabetes is not managed a person may not survive.
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Urinary Incontinence in Women
Millions of women suffer from urinary incontinence (UI). UI occurs twice as often in women as in men. There are many types of urinary incontinence: stress incontinence, urge incontinence, overactive bladder, functional incontinence, overflow incontinence, transient incontinence, and mixed incontinence.
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Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis describes swelling of the kidney resulting from the inability of urine to drain from the kidney into the bladder. This may be a normal variant or it may be due to an underlying illness or medical condition. Symptoms of acute hydronephrosis may include: intense flank or back pain radiating to the groin, nausea, vomiting, bloody urine, sweating, and colicky pain, which may cause the person to writhe or roll around or pace in pain.
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Why Does My Pee Smell So Bad?
Some conditions can make your pee smell bad. They include dehydration, urinary tract infection, diabetes, bladder fistula, liver disease, and maple syrup urine disease.
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E. coli (0157:H7) Infection
There are many types of E. coli (Escherichia coli). E. coli can cause urinary tract and bladder infections, or lead to sepsis. E coli O157:H7 (EHEC) causes bloody diarrhea and colitis. Complications of E. coli infection include hemorrhagic diarrhea, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. E coli O157:H7 commonly is due to eating raw or undercooked hamburger or raw milk or dairy products.
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Symptoms of 12 Serious Diseases and Health Problems
Learn how to recognize early warning signs and symptoms of serious diseases and health problems, for example, chronic cough, headache, chest pain, nausea, stool color or consistency changes, heartburn, skin moles, anxiety, nightmares, suicidal thoughts, hallucinations, delusions, lightheadedness, night sweats, eye problems, confusion, depression, severe pelvic or abdominal pain, unusual vaginal discharge, and nipple changes. The symptoms and signs of serious health problems can be caused by strokes, heart attacks, cancers, reproductive problems in females (for example, cancers, fibroids, endometriosis, ovarian cysts, and sexually transmitted diseases or STDs), breast problems (for example, breast cancer and non-cancer related diseases), lung diseases (for example, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD, lung cancer, emphysema, and asthma), stomach or digestive diseases (for example, cancers, gallbladder, liver, and pancreatic diseases, ulcerative colitis, or Crohn's disease), bladder problems (for example, urinary incontinence, and kidney infections), skin cancer, muscle and joint problems, emotional problems or mental illness (for example, postpartum depression, major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), mania, and schizophrenia), and headache disorders (for example, migraines, or "the worst headache of your life), and eating disorders and weight problems (for example, anorexia or bulimia).
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Prostatitis (Inflammation of the Prostate Gland)
Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland. Signs and symptoms of prostatitis include painful or difficulty urinating; fever; chills; body aches; blood in the urine; pain in the rectum, groin, abdomen, or low back; and painful ejaculation or sexual dysfunction. Causes of prostatitis include STDs, bacteria from urinary tract infections, or E. coli. Treatment for prostatitis depends on if it is a bacterial infection or chronic inflammation of the prostate gland.
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Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis)
Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) usually is caused by E. coli and other bacteria that have spread from the bladder from a UTI (urinary tract infection), poor hygiene, sexual intercourse, pregnancy, catheter, cystoscope exam, surgery, kidney stones, or prostate enlargement. Symptoms of kidney infection include back pain, frequent urination, pain during urination, fever, and or pus or blood in the urine. Kidney infection can be cured with antibiotic treatment. Cranberry juice may prevent UTIs, but that hasn’t been proven in all research studies.
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Cholesterol (Lowering Your Cholesterol)
High cholesterol and triglyceride levels increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Getting your cholesterol and triglyceride levels in an optimal range will help protect your heart and blood vessels. Cholesterol management may include lifestyle interventions (diet and exercise) as well as medications to get your total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides in an optimal range.
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How Do You Treat Mucus in Urine?
Learn what medical treatments can help with mucus in your urine and speed up your recovery.
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How Can I Treat a UTI While Pregnant Without Antibiotics?
What is a UTI? Learn what other treatments aside from antibiotics can help to relieve your UTI symptoms while pregnant.
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Urethral Stricture
A urethral stricture, or narrowing of the urethra, may cause decreased urine output. Symptoms include painful urination, urinary retention, and pelvic pain. Surgery is the only treatment for people with uncontrolled symptoms of urethral narrowing.
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Prostatitis vs. BPH (Enlarged Prostate): What Is the Difference?
Prostatitis and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia, enlarged prostate gland) are both conditions of the prostate gland. There are four types of prostatitis that can be caused by infections (usually bacterial) or other health conditions or problems, acute bacterial prostatitis (type I), chronic bacterial prostatitis (type II), chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (type III), and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis (type IV). BPH is inflammation of the prostate gland, and most men have the condition by age 50. Doctor's don't know what causes this inflammation, but they theorize that it may be related to hormones. Both of these conditions can cause similar symptoms like low back pain, pain during urination, or difficulty or the inability to urinate. However, prostatitis has many more symptoms and signs than BPH, and they based on the type of prostatitis. Examples include low back pain and/or abdominal pain, painful urination, fever, chills, feeling tired, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), painful urination intermittently, intermittent obstruction urinary tract symptoms (frequent, painful, or incomplete urination), pelvic pain and/or discomfort, pain with ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction (ED). If you think you have either of these conditions contact your doctor or other health care professional. Bacterial prostatitis can be cured with antibiotics; however, there is no cure for BPH.
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Is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Contagious?
Bacteria such as E. coli or Pseudomonas can cause a urinary tract infection (UTI). The incubation period for a UTI ranges from three to eight days.
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Urinary Tract Infection in Adults
Second Source article from Government
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Adenovirus 14 (Killer Cold Virus)
Adenovirus infection, particularly Ad14, or the "killer cold virus" has been on the increase in the past two years. Symptoms range from those experienced with colds, sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, pinkeye, fever, bladder infection, and neurological conditions. Diagnosis and treatment options need to be discussed with your physician.
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Blood in Urine
Blood in the urine is termed hematuria. Hematuria, whether it be gross or microscopic, is abnormal and should be further investigated.
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Smoking (How to Quit Smoking)
Smoking is an addiction. More than 430,000 deaths occur each year in the U.S. from smoking related illnesses. Secondhand smoke or "passive smoke" also harm family members, coworkers, and others around smokers. There are a number of techniques available to assist people who want to quit smoking.
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Enlarged Prostate (BPH, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH or enlarged prostate) is very common in men over 50 years of age. Half of all men over the age of 50 develop symptoms of BPH, but few need medical treatment. This noncancerous enlargement of the prostate can impede urine flow, slow the flow of urine, create the urge to urinate frequently and cause other symptoms like complete blockage of urine and urinary tract infections. More serious symptoms are urinary tract infections (UTIs) and complete blockage of the urethra, which may be a medical emergency. BPH is not cancer. Not all men with the condition need treatment, and usually is closely monitored if no symptoms are present. Treatment measures usually are reserved for men with significant symptoms, and can include medications, surgery, microwave therapy, and laser procedures. Men can prevent prostate problems by having regular medical checkups that include a prostate exam.
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Chlamydia
Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the U.S. Signs and symptoms of chlamydia, a bacterial infection, include vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, burning with urination, blood in the urine, and feelings of urinary urgency and frequency. Untreated chlamydia can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Chlamydia is diagnosed with a culture or by identification of the genetic material of the bacteria. Treatment of chlamydia consists of a course of antibiotics.
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Where Is the Groin Area in Men and Women?
The groin area is located at the same place in men and women—at the junction where the upper body or abdomen meets the thigh. It is an area of the hip and is comprised of five muscles that work together to move your leg.
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Interstitial Cystitis (IC) and Painful Bladder Syndrome (PBS)
Interstitial cystitis (IC)/painful bladder syndrome (PBS) is an inflammatory disease of the bladder that can cause ulceration and bleeding of the bladder's lining and can lead to scarring and stiffening of the bladder. Symptoms of interstitial cystitis may vary among individuals and may even vary with time in the same individual.
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Women's Health
Women's health is an important topic area to guide a woman through the stages of her life, as well as knowing the conditions and diseases that may occur. Educating yourself so that the transitions into different phases of life is key to a healthy, happy, and productive life.
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Type 1 Diabetes (Symptoms, Causes, Diet, Treatment, Life Expectancy)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (juvenile) is an auto-immune disease with no known cause at this time, although there are a few risk factors. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes include frequent urination, unintentional weight loss, dry and itchy skin, vision problems, wounds that heal slowly, and excessive thirst. Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed with blood tests. A healthy lifestyle and controlling blood glucose levels can improve life expectancy.
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Is E. coli Contagious? (Symptoms and Cure)
E. coli is an infection found worldwide. There are several subtypes of the E. coli species. E. coli spreads from person to person via contaminated food or water. Symptoms and signs of E. coli infection include diarrhea, stomach cramps, and sometimes fever. Antibiotics treat E. coli infection.
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Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone. Potential causes include injections around the bone, fractures that puncture the skin, recent surgeries, and bacterial infections that travel from other areas of the body, spreading through the blood to the bone. Symptoms include pain, fever, chills, stiffness, and nausea. Treatment involves antibiotics and pain medications. Surgery is sometimes necessary.
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CRE Bacteria Infection
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a type of bacteria that is highly resistant to antibiotics. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella are common types of Enterobacteriaceae that can be found in the human intestines. However, these bacteria can cause infections if they escape the intestines. Carbapenems are broad-spectrum antibiotics that treat infections caused by bacteria that are highly resistant to other types of antibiotics.
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Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very common in children. Symptoms and signs include fever and abdominal pain. Associated symptoms and signs include flank pain, vomiting, and blood in the urine. Treatment for a UTI involves antibiotic therapy.
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DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) During Pregnancy
Deep vein thrombosis or DVT is a condition in which a blood clot becomes embedded in one of the deep veins of the arms, thighs, pelvis, or lower legs. Warning signs and symptoms of DVT include pain, warmth, redness, swelling, leg cramps, and worsening leg pain in the affected extremity. Many conditions and other factors can cause DVTs, for example, during pregnancy including postpartum (6-8 weeks after delivery of the baby), obesity, heart attacks or heart failure, cancer, birth control pills (oral contraceptives), recent surgery, high altitudes, and advanced age. Treatment guidelines for DVT diagnosed during pregnancy is anticoagulation (anti-clotting) drugs, usually, low-molecular-weight heparins. DVT treatment may need to be continued postpartum. Warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) should not be used to treat DVT during pregnancy because it can harm the developing fetus.
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Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection is the most common type of infection acquired by patients while hospitalized. Patients at risk for VRE are those who are already ill, and hospitalized, including individuals with diabetes, elderly, ICU patients, kidney failure patients, or patients requiring catheters. Enterococci can survive for months in the digestive tract and female genital tract. Other risk factors for acquiring VRE include those how have been previously treated with vancomycin and combinations of other antibiotics. Treatment of VRE is generally with other antibiotics other than vancomycin. Prevention of VRE can be achieved by proper hand hygiene.
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Urinary Incontinence in Children
Urinary incontinence in children (enuresis) is twice as common in boys as in girls and may occur during the daytime or nighttime. Nighttime urinary incontinence is also called bedwetting and sleepwetting. The cause of nighttime incontinence in children is unknown. Daytime incontinence in children may be caused by an overactive bladder. Though many children overcome urinary incontinence naturally, it may be necessary to treat incontinence with medications, bladder training and moisture alarms, which wake the child when he or she begins to urinate.
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How Do Guys Get Epididymitis?
Epididymitis (inflammation of the testicular tube) is common in young men between the ages of 19 and 35 years old. Men often get epididymitis for various reasons that include sexually transmitted infections, other infections, blockage in the urethra, side effects from medications and trauma.
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How Do I Stop Blood in My Urine?
Learn why you might have blood in your urine and how to treat blood in your urine.
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Overactive Bladder (OAB)
Overactive bladder is a sudden involuntary contraction of the muscle wall of the bladder causing urinary urgency (an immediate unstoppable need to urinate). Overactive bladder is is a form of urinary incontinence. Treatment options may include Kegel exercises, biofeedback, vaginal weight training, pelvic floor electrical stimulation, behavioral therapy, and medications.
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What Is the Best Treatment for Cystocele?
Cystocele, or bladder prolapse, is a condition in which the bladder sags down into the vagina due to the weakening of the supporting structure between the bladder and the vagina. The treatment of cystocele may vary depending on various factors such as the severity of the disease and the presence of symptoms or any underlying medical conditions. Treatments range from watchful waiting to surgery.
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Yeast Infection vs. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Candida albicans typically causes vaginal yeast infections. Bacterial infections typically cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). Thick white cottage-cheese like vaginal discharge characterizes vaginal yeast infections. Painful, frequent urination characterize urinary tract infections. Antifungal medications treat yeast infections while prescription antibiotics treat UTIs.
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Can a UTI Become a Kidney Infection?
What Is the Difference Between Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and Kidney Infections and Can a UTI become a kidney infection? Learn the symptoms of UTIs and kidney infections to better treat these conditions.
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Men's Health
Men's health is an important component to a happy lifestyle and healthy relationships. Eating healthy, exercise, managing stress, and knowing when to have medical tests for a particular age is key to disease prevention in men.
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Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD), ARPKD, and ADPKD
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by numerous cysts in the kidneys. Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder. There are two major inherited forms of PKD, autosomal dominant PKD, and autosomal recessive PKD. Symptoms include headaches, urinary tract infections, blood in the urine, liver and pancreatic cysts, abnormal heart valves, high blood pressure, kidney stones, aneurysms, and diverticulosis. Diagnosis of PKD is generally with ultrasound, CT or MRI scan. There is no cure for PKD, so treatment of symptoms is usually the general protocol.
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Bladder Spasms
People who have bladder spasms, the sensation occurs suddenly and often severely. A spasm itself is the sudden, involuntary squeezing of a muscle. A bladder spasm, or "detrusor contraction," occurs when the bladder muscle squeezes suddenly without warning, causing an urgent need to release urine. The spasm can force urine from the bladder, causing leakage. When this happens, the condition is called urge incontinence or overactive bladder.
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What Is Microsporidiosis?
Microsporidiosis is an infection caused by the microsporidia parasite. The disease is uncommon in people with normal immune systems. Symptoms in people with immune deficiency include diarrhea, malabsorption, gallbladder disease, cough, labored breathing, urinary tract infection, bowel perforation and keratoconjunctivitis. Microsporidiosis treatment depends on the site of infection and the species of microsporidia involved.
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How Do You Know If You Have a Kidney Infection?
A kidney infection is a potentially life-threatening illness if left untreated. Learn the signs of a kidney infection, what causes it, how doctors diagnose it, and what you can do to treat a kidney infection.
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What Is the Difference Between Cystitis and UTI?
Learn the difference between cystitis and UTI and how to treat each condition.
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NDM-1
NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase) is an enzyme produced by certain strains of bacteria that have recently acquired the genetic ability to make this compound. Bacteria that produce NDM-1 are resistant to all commonly used beta-lactam antibiotics. Klebsiella, Escherichia and Acinetobacter are known to possess the gene for NDM-1, which can turn these bacteria into superbugs. Symptoms and signs of NDM-1 infection include fever, fatigue, and shock. Treatment depends upon the NDM-1 strain.
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Sex, Urinary, and Bladder Problems of Diabetes
Having diabetes can mean early onset and increased severity of bladder symptoms (urinary incontinence and urinary tract infections) and changes in sexual function. Men may have erectile dysfunction; and women may have problems with sexual response and vaginal lubrication. Keep your diabetes under control, and you can lower your risk of sexual and urologic problems.
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Urethral Cancer
Urethral cancer is a rare form of cancer that primarily affects white females, people over 60 years of age, and those who have stds or who experience frequent urinary tract infections. Symptoms and signs of urethral cancer include blood in the urine, interrupted urine flow and discharge from the urethra. Treatment involves surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
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Kidney Dysplasia: In Infants and Children
Kidney dysplasia is a condition in which one or both of a baby's kidneys do not develop normally. In kidney dysplasia, cysts replace normal kidney tissue. Signs of kidney dysplasia include enlarged kidneys and, rarely, high blood pressure. A child with kidney dysplasia may not have any symptoms. Genes and maternal exposure to certain drugs may cause kidney dysplasia. Regular checkups should include blood pressure measurements, kidney function tests, and urine testing for protein.
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5 Home Remedies for UTI
A few home remedies have been shown to be helpful in reducing the symptoms of a UTI and to prevent recurrent UTI. These include adequate hydration, use of a heating pad, taking probiotics, vitamin C and cranberry juice.
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Enterovirulent E. coli (EEC)
Enterovirulent Escherichia coli (E. coli) are strains of related bacteria that have a strong propensity to cause gastrointestinal tract infections. Examples of strains include: EHEC (enterohemorrhagic E. coli), ETEC (enterotoxigenic E. coli), EPEC (enteropathogenic E. coli), EIEC (enteroinvasive E. coli), EAEC (enteroadherent E. coli), and EAggEC (enteroaggregative E. coli). Symptoms may vary depending on the strain the individual contracts. Infection is spread generally through contaminated food or drink.
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Bedwetting
Bedwetting, or nocturnal enuresis, is the accidental passage of urine while asleep. There are two types of bedwetting: primary and secondary. Primary enuresis is bedwetting since infancy, and secondary enuresis is bedwetting after being consistently dry for at least 6 months.
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How Long Does a Urodynamic Test Take?
The entire urodynamic test usually takes about 30 minutes. If the entire series of tests need to be performed, it may take up to one hour or more. The duration may differ among medical centers or hospitals. In children, the test may take longer—more than an hour.
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How Do You Get Rid of a UTI at Home?
What is a UTI? Learn whether you need antibiotics and what other home remedies can help to relieve your symptoms.
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How Do You Know if You Have a Urinary Tract Infection?
Urinary tract infections can occur in both women and men. Learn the signs of urinary tract infection, what causes it, how doctors diagnose it, and what you can do to treat it.
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Can You Get Rid of a UTI By Drinking Water?
UTI stands for urinary tract infection and it describes when your urinary system gets infected. While the effects of drinking water to flush out or get rid of UTIs is not proven, there has been a link between drinking over 2.2 liters of water daily and a decreased risk for UTIs.
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Pregnancy (STDs)
When you are pregnant, many sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can be especially harmful to you and your baby. These STDs include herpes, HIV/AIDS, genital warts (HPV), hepatitis B, chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis. Symptoms include bumps, sores, warts, swelling, itching, or redness in the genital region. Treatment of STDs while pregnant depends on how far along you are in the pregnancy and the progression of the infection.
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What Does Blood in the Urine Mean?
When you see blood in the urine, it might be alarming. But it may not be a serious issue. Find out the essentials of what you need to know if it is something more serious.
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Why Do I Have Discharge From My Penis?
Penis discharge that is not due to sexual arousal is considered abnormal and may be caused by various conditions such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), STDs, and more. Learn more about causes, types, and treatments.
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How Do You Get Rid of a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?
Learn what medical treatments can help treat your urinary tract infection symptoms and help you manage this condition.
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What Is Frequent Urination a Sign Of?
What is frequent urination? Learn more about frequent urination, what frequent urination can be a sign of, and how to treat frequent urination.
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Urinary Tract Infection or Urinary Infection
The urinary system of your body includes two kidneys, two tubes (ureters), a urine sac (bladder) and an opening to expel the urine from the body (urethra). An infection of this system due to germs is called a urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI may be treated with antibiotics, especially if a kidney infection is involved.
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What Causes a Urinary Tract Infection in a Child?
What is a urinary tract infection, and how does it affect children? Learn the signs of urinary tract infection in kids, what causes it, and what you can do to treat it.
Treatment & Diagnosis
- Urinalysis (Urine Test)
- CT Scan vs. MRI
- Douching (Vaginal Douche)
- Breastfeeding (and Formula Feeding)
- CT Scan (Computerized Tomography)
- Circumcision Procedure
- Barrier Methods of Birth Control Side Effects, Advantages, and Disadvantages
- Circumcision Pros and Cons
- Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy
- Ultrasound
- Urodynamic Testing
- Cholesterol Test
- Side Effects of Pyridium (phenazopyridine)
- Pregnancy: Prenatal Care and Tests
- Urinary Incontinence Products for Men
- Penile Discharge
- Difficulty Urinating
- Cloudy Urine
- Burning Urination (Dysuria)
- Groin Pain
- Frequent Urination
- Dark Urine
- Fever
- Urinary Urgency
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
- Drainage of Pus
- Blood in Urine
- Bladder Spasms
- Testicular Pain (Pain in the Testicles)
- Painful Erection (Priapism)
- Pelvic Pain
- How to Choose a Doctor
- Doctor: Checklist to Take To Your Doctor's Appointment
- Doctor: Getting the Most from Your Doctor's Appointment
- Urinary Tract Infections in Children
- Urinary Tract Infection FAQs
- Interstitial Cystitis Signs and Symptoms
- Killer Cold Virus (Adenovirus Strains)
- Kidney Infections During Pregnancy
- What Is the Difference Between a Bladder Infection vs. UTI?
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Symptoms
- Herbs: Toxicities and Drug Interactions
- Things You Should Know About the Penis
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Treatment
Medications & Supplements
- Amoxicillin (Amoxil) vs. Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
- Penicillin (Antibiotics)
- Cipro vs. Flagyl
- Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Augmentin XR, Augmentin ES-600, Amoclan)
- Amoxicillin vs. Levaquin
- erythromycin (Ery-Tab, PCE)
- Keflex (cephalexin)
- nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Furadantin, Macrobid)
- Amoxicillin vs. Cipro
- Levaquin (levofloxacin) Antibiotic
- Cipro, Cipro XR (ciprofloxacin) Antibiotic Side Effects
- Amoxicillin vs. Augmentin (Comparison of Side Effects and Antibiotic Uses)
- nitrofurantoin - oral, Macrodantin
- cefadroxil - oral, Duricef
- cefixime - oral, Suprax
- nitrofurantoin suspension - oral, Furadantin
- cefixime suspension - oral, Suprax
- nitrofurantoin/nitrofurantoin macrocrystals - oral, Macrobid
- cefadroxil suspension - oral, Duricef
- amoxicillin (Amoxil, Moxatag, Larotid)
- Cipro, XR (ciprofloxacin) vs. Keflex (cephalexin)
- Levaquin (levofloxacin) Side Effects, Warnings, and Drug Interactions
- Cipro vs. Levaquin
- Doxycycline vs. Keflex
- Doxycycline vs. Cipro
- Nitrofurantoin vs. Amoxicillin
- sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim)
- cefixime (Suprax)
- Diflucan (fluconazole)
- cefpodoxime proxetil (Vantin, Bantan)
- Macrobid (Nitrofurantoin) Side Effects, Warnings, and Interactions
- gentamicin injection (Garamycin)
- ampicillin
- Amoxicillin vs. Ceftriaxone
- methylene blue - oral, Urolene Blue
- Nitrofurantoin vs. Cephalexin
- cefuroxime, Ceftin, Zinacef
- sulfamethoxazole (Gantanol)
- norfloxacin (Noroxin)
- phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
- Diflucan vs. Nystatin
- Nitrofurantoin vs. Ciprofloxacin
- Suprax (cefixime) vs. azithromycin
- ofloxacin (Floxin Discontinued Brand)
- lactobacillus acidophilus
- Sulfonamides (Bactrim, Bactrim DS, Septra, Septra DS)
- Nitrofurantoin vs. Bactrim
- Amoxicillin vs. Penicillin
- Diflucan (fluconazole) vs. Lamisil (terbinafine)
- cephradine - oral, Velosef
- Suprax (cefixime) vs. Keflex (cephalexin)
- Diflucan vs. Ketoconazole
- Cefdinir vs. cefixime (Suprax) 3rd Generation Antibiotics
- Side Effects of Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim)
- levofloxacin (Levaquin) Side Effects and Adverse Effects
- Suprax (cefixime) vs. cefuroxime
- Suprax (cefixime) vs. Augmentin
- Bactrim vs. Cefdinir
- methenamine - oral, Hiprex, Mandelamine, Urex
- Suprax (cefixime) vs. ofloxacin
- Diflucan vs. itraconazole
- Side Effects of Diflucan (fluconazole)
- sulfisoxazole with phenazopyridine-oral, Azo-Gantrisin
- tetracycline (Sumycin)
- Levaquin (levofloxacin) vs. Keflex (cephalexin)
- sulfamethoxazole (smz) with phenazopyridine-oral, Azo-Gantanol
- netilmicin sulfate-injection, Netromycin
- Side Effects of Keflex (cephalexin)
- Suprax (cefixime) vs. cefpodoxime
- Primsol (trimethoprim)
- cefepime - injection, Maxipime
- cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) - oral
- Suprax (cefixime) vs. Rocephin (ceftriaxone)
- amikacin sulfate
- nalidixic acid-oral, Neggram
- flavoxate - oral, Urispas
- Gemtesa (vibegron)
- cephalosporins-injection
- cefaclor (Raniclor)
- mesna - injection, Mesnex
- Side Effects of Minocin (minocycline)
- Side Effects of Cefadroxil
- Invanz (ertapenem)
- Avycaz (ceftazidime-avibactam)
- vancomycin/d5w - frozen piggyback injection, Vancocin
- bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)-oral
- Side Effects of Noroxin (norfloxacin)
- Amikacin Sulfate Side Effects, Warnings, and Drug Interactions
- Side Effects of Detrol (tolterodine)
- cycloserine - oral, Seromycin
- loracarbef
- Side Effects of Gantanol (sulfamethoxazole)
- Rimso-50 (dimethyl sulfoxide)
- Fetroja (cefiderocol)
- Side Effects of Primsol (trimethoprim)
- Lincocin (lincomycin) Side Effects, Warnings, and Drug Interactions
- tobramycin - injection, Nebcin
- Side Effects of Raniclor (cefaclor)
- Toviaz (fesoterodine fumarate)
- Side Effects of Sumycin (tetracycline)
- Eryped (erythromycin ethylsuccinate)
- Septra
- Augmentin XR
- Augmentin ES
- Augmentin
- Cefotetan
- BESREMi
- Cipro
- Glumetza
- Azactam Injection
- Keflex
- Cefaclor
- Maxipime
- Principen
- Amoxicillin
- Neggram
- Methylene Blue
- Cipro XR
- Zerbaxa
- Floxin
- Amikin
- Noroxin
- Trimethoprim
- Vancomycin Injection
- Urispas
- Pyridium
- Avycaz
- Bactrim
- Ceftin
- Cefuroxime
- Suprax
- Macrobid
- Hiprex
- Duricef
- Zemdri
- Gantanol
- Cipro IV
- Doryx
- Proquin XR
- Mesnex
- Primaxin IV
- Polymyxin B
- Urex
- Prosed DS
- Cinobac
Prevention & Wellness
- UTIs, Sepsis, Staph: COVID Is Upping Rates of Other Hospital Infections
- Are Antibiotics Really the Answer for UTIs in Women?
- Device Used for Thousands of Years Eases Major Cause of Female Urinary Problems
- A Vaccine Against UTIs? New Mouse Study Brings Shot Closer
- Are You Getting the Wrong Antibiotics to Treat a UTI?
- Cottonelle Flushable Wipes Recalled
- HRT Might Help Older Women Ward Off Recurrent UTIs
- Why So Many Older Women Develop UTIs
- Want Fewer UTIs? Go Vegetarian, Study Suggests
- New Smartphone Test Detects UTIs in Less Than 30 Minutes
- Fetroja Approved to Treat Complicated Urinary Tract Infections
- Too Many Seniors Back in Hospital for Infections Treated During First Stay
- Health Tip: What Your Urine Color May Mean
- Many ICU Admissions May Be Preventable, Large Study Suggests
- Health Tip: Causes of Painful Urination
- Recarbrio OK'd for Complicated Urinary Tract, Intra-Abdominal Infections
- Dangerous UTIs Can Follow Hospital Patients Home
- Infections, Especially UTIs, May Be Triggers for Strokes
- VA Doctors Prescribing Unnecessary Antibiotics, Study Says
- Long-Term Antibiotic Use May Up Women's Odds for Heart Trouble
- Kids Can Get UTIs, Too
- Health Tip: UTI Warning Signs
- Seniors With UTIs Need Antibiotics ASAP, Study Says
- Tough-to-Treat UTIs More Likely to Recur
- Drinking Enough Water Could Be Key to Avoiding UTIs
- Alarming Rise in Antibiotic-Resistant UTIs in U.S.: Study
- Health Tip: Recognize Signs of a Urinary Tract Infection
- Did Your Urinary Infection Come From a Chicken Coop?
- Hate UTIs? One Simple Step Can Cut the Risk
- Coming Soon: A Faster Test for Antibiotics Against UTIs?
- 8 Ways College Women Can Protect Their Health
- Antibiotic Vabomere Approved
- FDA OKs New Antibacterial Drug
- Bike Fanatics Shouldn't Worry About Effects on Sexual Health
- Rude, Disrespectful Surgeons May Also Be More Error-Prone: Study
- Retail Health Clinics Fail to Curb Routine ER Visits, Study Finds
- Cranberry Products May Not Prevent UTIs: Study
- Protein in Breast Milk May Reduce Hospital Infections in Preemies
- Botox Beats Implant for Urinary Incontinence in Women
- 1 in 10 Stroke Rehab Interruptions May Be Preventable
- Too Few Female Urologists to Meet Aging Patients' Demand
- FDA Bolsters Warnings About Class of Antibiotics
- 1 in 10 Alzheimer's Patients at Risk for Avoidable Hospital Stays
- 'Managing' Elderly Patients Without Powerful Antipsychotics
- If 1st Baby's Early, 2nd Will Be Too: Study
- Dangerous Urinary Tract Infections Common in Nursing Homes
- Program Cut Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections
- Antibiotic Resistance Common in Kids' Urinary Tract Infections
- Cranberry Juice for Urinary Tract Infection?
- Persistent UTI Symptoms May Signal Bladder Cancer
- Improper Antibiotic Use Often Due to Misdiagnosis: Study
- Study Casts Doubt on Use of Common Antibiotic for UTIs in Women
- Health Tip: Spotting Signs of Urinary Tract Infection
- UTIs Are Getting Tougher to Treat
- Superbugs: What They Are and How You Get Them
- New Antibiotic Avycaz Approved
- 2 Deaths, Scores of Potential 'Superbug' Infections at UCLA Med Center
- Health Tip: Help Prevent Urinary Tract Infections Among Children
- Hospital Infection Rates Falling, But More Improvement Needed: CDC
- Heat Stroke, Kidney Failure Help Drive Illnesses From Extreme Heat
- Combination Antibiotic Zerbaxa Approved
- Circumcision Past Newborn Stage Poses Risk for Boys, Study Finds
- E-Doctors: Virtual Visits Give Patients Options
- Infection Rates in Nursing Homes on the Rise: Study
- Hospitals' High Antibiotic Use May Boost Germs' Resistance: Study
- Study Finds Drop in Kids' Hospital-Related Infections
- Childhood Urinary Tract Infection May Bring Lasting Harm to Kidneys
- Hospital-Related Infections Hit Nearly 650,000 Patients in 2011: CDC
- Study Finds Tonsillectomy Just as Safe for Adults as Kids
- Farxiga Approved for Type 2 Diabetes
- Survey Finds Widespread Contamination in Chicken
- E. Coli 'Superbug' May Pose Major Health Threat: Study
- Urinary Tract Infection Often Puts Older Men in Hospital
- Signs of Potential Trouble for Nursing Home Residents
- How Estrogen May Help Prevent Urinary Tract Infections After Menopause
- Can You Skip Antibiotics for Urinary Tract Infection?
- Could Adaptable Bacteria Cause Repeat Urinary Tract Infections?
- How Long Should Men's Urinary Infections Be Treated?
- Cranberries Little Help Against UTIs
- Botox Injections: Option for Urge Incontinence?
- U.S. Antibiotic Prescribing Rates Highest in South: Study
- Can Cranberries Fight Urinary Tract Infections?
- Burnt-Out Nurses Linked to More Hospital Infections
- Uncircumcised Boys at Higher Risk for Infection: Study
- Cranberries Combat Urinary Tract Infections
- 'Sling' Implant May Cut Risk of Incontinence After Prolapse Surgery
- Is Combining Hysterectomy and a Tummy Tuck Safe?
- Germs Behind Urinary Tract Infections Becoming More Resistant to Drugs
- Women Can Waive Test Before Incontinence Surgery: Study
- Smelly Urine a Red Flag for Kids' UTI
- E. Coli in Chicken Linked to Urinary Tract Infections
- Onfi Approved to Treat Severe Seizures
- New Drug May Help Treat Diabetes
- FDA Approves Prostate Cancer Drug Zytiga
- New Clues to Stubborn Urinary Tract Infections
- Health Tip: Symptoms That May Indicate a Urinary Tract Infection
- Foodborne E. Coli Suspected in Urinary Tract Infections
- Health Tip: What Causes Urinary Tract Infections in Women?
- Hospitals Score Poorly on Preventing Urinary Tract Infection
- Urinary Tract Infection May Raise Birth Defect Risk
- Health Tip: Avoid Urinary Tract Infections
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