What is tacrolimus ointment, and how does it work (mechanism of action)?

Tacrolimus ointment is a topical drug (a drug that is applied to the skin) that is used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema). Atopic dermatitis is a chronic (long-lasting) disease of skin in which the skin becomes inflamed, causing itchiness, redness, swelling, cracking, weeping, crusting, and scaling. The inflammation is caused by activation of the immune system though the reason for the activation is unknown. Tacrolimus ointment suppresses the immune system and the inflammation by inhibiting an enzyme (calcineurin) crucial for the multiplication of T-cells, cells that are required for activation of the immune system. Tacrolimus ointment was approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in December 2000.

What brand names are available for tacrolimus ointment?

Protopic

Is tacrolimus ointment available as a generic drug?

GENERIC AVAILABLE: No

Do I need a prescription for tacrolimus ointment?

Yes

What are the side effects of tacrolimus ointment?

The most common side effects of tacrolimus ointment are skin reactions at the site of use, including:

• redness,
• burning,
• itching,
• Flu-like symptoms,
• allergic reactions, and
• headache.

Continuous long-term use of tacrolimus should be avoided because rare cases of skin cancer and lymphoma have occurred during tacrolimus treatment.

What is the dosage for tacrolimus ointment?

Tacrolimus ointment is applied to the affected areas of skin twice daily. The 0.1% concentration of tacrolimus ointment is approved for the treatment of adults, while the 0.03% concentration is approved for the treatment of both children (ages two and older) and adults.

Which drugs or supplements interact with tacrolimus ointment?

No studies have been done to determine if tacrolimus ointment has important interactions with other drugs. Interactions are unlikely because only small amounts of tacrolimus are absorbed from the skin; however, it still is possible that important interactions might occur.

Is tacrolimus ointment safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?

Only small amounts of tacrolimus are absorbed from the ointment, and it is not known if these amounts are toxic to the fetus. Among women who have received oral tacrolimus while pregnant, high potassium levels and kidney injury have been reported in their newborns. Therefore, tacrolimus ointment should be used during pregnancy only if the benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus.

Only small amounts of tacrolimus are absorbed from the ointment, and it is not known how much, if any, appears in breast milk. However, it is known that tacrolimus, when taken orally, passes into breast milk. Consideration should be given to discontinuing either breastfeeding or tacrolimus ointment in nursing mothers.

What else should I know about tacrolimus ointment?

What preparations of tacrolimus ointment are available?

Ointment: 0.03% and 0.1%.

How should I keep tacrolimus ointment stored?

Tacrolimus should be stored at room temperature 15 C - 30 C (59 F - 86 F).