Introduction
Fighting the effects of aging on the outside; your guide to the risks of cosmetic surgical and non-surgical procedures
Trying to fight the effects of aging? Below is a basic guide to the risks involved in both surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures. For more information on each procedure, click on the highlighted links of the procedure.
Cosmetic Procedures: Surgical
Breast Augmentation: Breasts are enlarged by placing an implant behind each breast.
Risks:
- implants can rupture, leak, and deflate
- infection
- hardening of scar tissue around implant, causing breast firmness, pain, distorted shape, or implant movement
- bleeding
- pain
- nipples may get more or less sensitive
- numbness near incision blood collection around implant/incision
- calcium deposits around implant
- harder to find breast lumps and to see breast changes on a mammogram
- in rare instances, implants can cause anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) - a rare cancer of the immune system
Breast Lift - Extra skin is removed from the breast to raise and reshape breast.
Risks:
- scarring
- skin loss
- infection loss of feeling in nipples or breast
- nipples put in the wrong place
- breasts not symmetrical
Breast Reduction - Fat, tissue, and skin is removed from breast.
Risks:
- if nipples and areola are detached, may lose sensation and decreased ability to breastfeed
- bleeding
- infection
- scarring
- harder to find breast lumps
- poor shape, size, or position of nipples or breasts
- if nipples and areola are detached, may lose sensation and decreased ability to breastfeed
- bleeding
- infection
- scarring
- harder to find breast lumps
- poor shape, size, or position of nipples or breasts
Eyelid Surgery: Extra fat, skin, and muscle in the upper and/or lower eyelid is removed to correct "droopy" eyelids.
Risks:
- blurred or double vision
- infection
- bleeding under the skin
- swelling
- dry eyes
- whiteheads
- can't close eye completely
- pulling of lower lids
- blindness
Facelift: Extra fat is removed, muscles are tightened, and skin is rewrapped around the face and neck to improve sagging facial skin, jowls, and loose neck skin.
Risks:
- infection
- bleeding under skin
- scarring
- irregular earlobes
- nerve damage causing numbness or inability to move your face
- hair loss
- skin damage
Facial Implant: infection feeling of tightness or scarring around implant shifting of implant
Risks:
- infection
- feeling of tightness or scarring around implant
- shifting of implant
Forehead Lift: Extra skin and muscles that cause wrinkles are removed, eyebrows are lifted, and forehead skin is tightened.
Risks:
- infection
- scarring
- bleeding under skin
- eye dryness or irritation
- impaired eyelid function
- loss of feeling in eyelid skin
- injury to facial nerve causing loss of motion or muscle weakness
Lip Augmentation: Material is injected or implanted into the lips to create fuller lips and reduce wrinkles around the mouth.
Risks:
- infection
- bleeding
- lip asymmetry
- lumping
- scarring
Liposuction: Excess fat from a targeted area is removed with a vacuum to shape the body.
Risks:
- baggy skin
- skin may change color and fall off
- fluid retention
- toxic shock
- infection that requires antibiotics or additional surgery
- burning
- fat clots in the lungs
- pain
- damage to organs if punctured
- numbness at the surgery site
- heart problems
- kidney problems
- disability
- death
Nose Surgery: Nose is reshaped by resculpting the bone and cartilage in the nose.
Risks:
- infection
- bursting blood vessels
- red spots
- bleeding under the skin
- scarring
Tummy Tuck: Extra fat and skin in the abdomen is removed, and muscles are tightened to flatten tummy.
Risks:
- blood clots
- infection
- bleeding
- scarring
- fluid accumulation under the skin
Quick GuideCosmetic Surgery: Before and After Photos of Cosmetic Surgeries
Cosmetic Procedures: Non-Surgical
Botox Injection: Botox is injected into a facial muscle to paralyze it, so lines don't form when a person frowns or squints.
Risks:
- face pain
- muscle weakness
- flu-like symptoms
- headaches
- loss of facial expression
- droopy eyelids
- asymmetric smile
- drooling
Collagen/fat Injection: Collagen from a cow or fat from your thigh or abdomen is injected into facial wrinkles, pits, or scars.
Risks:
Dermabrasion: A small, spinning wheel or brush with a roughened surface removes the upper layers of facial skin. A new layer of skin appears during healing, giving the face a smoother appearance. Used to treat facial scars, heavy wrinkles, and problems like rosacea.
Risks:
- abnormal color changes
- whiteheads
- infection
- allergic reaction
- fever blisters
- cold sores
- thickened skin
Hyaluronic acid injection: This gel is injected into your face to smooth lines, wrinkles, and scars on the skin.
Risks:
- swelling
- infection
- redness
- tenderness
- acne
- lumps
- tissue hardening
- risks unknown if used in combination with collagen
Laser hair removal: Laser light is passed over the skin to remove hair.
Risks:
- hair regrowth
- scarring
- change in skin color
Laser skin resurfacing: Laser light is used to remove wrinkles, lines, age spots, scars, moles, tattoos, and warts from the surface of the skin.
Risks:
- burns
- scarring
- change in skin color
- infection
- herpes flare-up (fever, facial pain, and flu-like symptoms)
Sclerotherapy: A solution is injected into spider and varicose leg veins (small purple and red blood vessels) to remove the veins.
Risks:
- blood clots
- color changes in the skin
- vein removal may not be permanent
- scarring
Chemical Peel: A solution is put onto the face (or parts of the face) that causes the skin to blister and peel off. It is replaced with new skin.
Risks:
- whiteheads
- Infection
- raised scarring
- allergic reaction
- cold sores
- color changes or blotchiness
- heart problems
Tooth Whiteners (peroxide agents):Depending on the product, either you or the dentist applies peroxide using strips; a mouth guard with gel; or a tray inside your mouth around your teeth
Risks:
- If not customized for you by a dentist or dental hygienist, there may be unknown ingredients and unknown results
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SOURCE: The National Women's Health Information Center (www4woman.gov) Last update: 5/19/2005
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Breast Augmentation
Breast augmentation refers to the surgical implantation of a silicone or saline implant to give the breast a fuller appearance. Potential complications of the procedure include- infection,
- bleeding,
- asymmetry, and
- hardening of the breast.
Chin, Cheek, and Jaw Implants
Facial implants may be used to enhance the appearance of the cheeks, jaw, or chin. Facial implants are inserted during surgery. Either local anesthesia with an oral sedative or general anesthesia may be used. Side effects of surgery may include fever, pain, swelling, or abnormal discharge from the incision site.
Cleft Palate and Cleft Lip
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Face Lift
A face lift is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of excess facial skin to promote a more youthful appearance. Potential complications of the procedure include- bleeding,
- infection,
- asymmetry, and
- loss of muscle function or sensation.
Oral Cancer
The term oral cancer includes cancer of the mouth (oral cavity) and the back of the mouth (oropharynx). Red and white patches inside the mouth, bleeding, loose teeth, pain upon swallowing, a lump in the neck, earache, and a sore on your lip or in your mouth that won't heal are all symptoms of oral cancer. Treatment for oral cancer depends upon the staging of the disease and usually involves surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
Otoplasty
Otoplasty, or cosmetic and reconstructive surgery of the external ear, is often performed to correct prominent ears or repair defects resulting from injuries. Complications may include- narrowing of the external ear canal,
- suture extrusion,
- scarring,
- permanent numbness of the skin of the ear,
- temporary numbness of the skin of the ear,
- bleeding, and
- infection.
Rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty is a type surgery that is performed to repair nasal fractures or to change the appearance of the nose for cosmetic reasons. The nose is packed after surgery to minimize bleeding. Proper aftercare will help minimize the risk of infection.
Teeth Whitening
Teeth whitening refers to the use of special toothpastes or bleaching agents to brighten teeth and remove stains and yellowing. Teeth whitening with bleach can be performed at home or in a dental office. Side effects may include increased tooth sensitivity and gum irritation.
Wrinkles
Wrinkles, whether they be fine line or deep furrows, typically appear on areas of the body that receive a high amount of exposure to the sun. Smoking, light skin type, hairstyle, the way you dress, your occupational and recreational habits, and heredity are all factors that promote wrinkling. Medical treatments for wrinkles include antioxidants, moisturizers, alpha-hydroxy acids, and vitamin A acid. Cosmetic procedures that treat wrinkles include dermabrasion, microdermabrasion, glycolic acid peels, laser resurfacing, Botox, and fillers.
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