What is a ganglion cyst?
A ganglion is a sac-like swelling or cyst formed from the tissue that lines a joint or tendon. The tissue, called synovium, normally functions to produce lubricating fluid for these areas.
A ganglion is a cyst formed by the synovium that is filled with a thick jelly-like fluid. While ganglia can follow local trauma to the tendon or joint, they usually form for unknown reasons.
Occasionally, ganglia are early signs of arthritis that will become more obvious in the future.
What causes ganglion cysts?
Ganglions can be caused by inflammation of the tissue lining joints and tendons. This inflammation can be a result of local injury or underlying arthritis.
What are the symptoms of ganglion cysts?
Ganglia can form around any joint, but they are most frequently found in the wrist and ankles. They are usually painless and often barely visible as localized swellings. They typically do not appear to be inflamed.
The largest ganglions form behind the back of the knee, causing a sense of fullness or tightness. A ganglion here is referred to as a Baker cyst, after the doctor who originally described the condition.
Diagnosis of ganglion cysts
Doctors diagnose a ganglion by physical examination. These ganglions can usually be felt on examination.
A ganglion can be a result of underlying arthritis of the adjacent joint, and X-ray analysis is often used to determine the integrity of the joints affected.
What specialists treat ganglion cysts?
Specialists who treat ganglions include primary-care providers such as general medicine doctors, family medicine doctors, and internists, as well as rheumatologists and general and orthopedic surgeons.
What is the treatment for ganglion cysts?
A ganglion can spontaneously rupture and go away. Sometimes a gentle massage is all that is necessary. Other treatment options include the removal of the ganglion fluid with a needle and syringe (aspiration) with or without an injection of cortisone medication.
Occasionally, the entire ganglion is resected with surgery. People with a persisting or recurring ganglion should be evaluated for signs of systemic forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
What is the prognosis for ganglion cysts?
The prognosis of a ganglion is generally excellent. Usually, a ganglion does not affect joint function and is painless. They can resolve spontaneously but can require injection or resection for complete recovery.
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Physical therapy can help a patient with arthritis to work out stiffness without damaging their joints. Occupational therapy teaches the patient how to reduce joint strain during daily activities. Those receiving occupational or physical therapy will learn about their arthritis, be given a dietary plan if they are overweight, get foot care advice, and learn methods of relieving discomfort.
Baker's Cyst
A Baker's cyst, also called a popliteal cyst, is swelling caused by knee joint fluid protruding to the back of the knee (popliteal area of the knee). Not uncommon, Baker's cysts can be caused by virtually any type of joint swelling (arthritis).
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Cysts are sac-like structures that may be filled with gas, liquid, or solid materials. Cysts may produce symptoms and signs depending on their location. Treatment of a cyst depends upon what caused the cyst in the first place.
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