Fever and Headache

There are many causes of fever and headache.

A fever is an elevated body temperature due to any cause. Fevers occur as a result of the body's defenses against disease. Although a fever technically is any body temperature above the normal of 98.6 F (37 C), medical professionals usually do not consider a person to have a significant fever until the temperature is above 100.4 F (38 C).

A headache is any type of pain felt in the head. Many causes of headaches can be associated with fever.

This article is not all-inclusive and is an introduction to fever and headache problems. If you are not sure if your condition is mild, contact your medical caregiver. If you think you or a loved one has serious symptoms, go to an emergency department.

Several conditions can cause both fever and headache.

Examples of conditions that can cause fever along with a headache include the following:

• Influenza (flu)
• Colds, although the fever is generally mild and may not be present
• Meningitis
• Encephalitis
• Ear infection
• Bacterial infection, including sepsis, pneumonia, and others
• Fungal infections
• Heat stroke
• Chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis
• Certain cancers
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever

The signs and symptoms that accompany a fever with headache depend on the exact cause and are thus very variable. These can include the following:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Joint pain and swelling
• Ear, eye, or facial pain
• Rash
• Low blood pressure
• Cough, nasal congestion, sneezing, or sore throat
• Cold, clammy skin
• Sweating
• Stiffness of the neck
• Sensitivity to light
• Vision changes
• Decreased appetite
• Mental status changes like confusion
• Seizure
• Coma

You should seek medical attention if any of these conditions exist:

• The temperature is 103 F (39.4 C) or greater.
• Fever lasts more than seven days
• Fever symptoms get worse
• Confusion or excessive sleepiness
• Stiff neck
• Severe headache
• Rash with fever and headache
• Chest pain
• Trouble breathing
• Red, hot, or swollen area of skin
• Any unusual symptom that causes concern

Treatments for fever with headache depend on the cause but may include:

• Bacterial or fungal infections require treatment with antibiotics or antifungal drugs. Antiviral drugs may treat influenza and other viral infections.
• Medical professionals may administer supportive medications, such as pain control drugs, decongestants, cough suppressants, and medications to control nausea and vomiting.
• In severe cases, hospitalization and treatments to support breathing and circulation may be required.

The prognosis for fever with headache is highly variable. Some conditions that cause these symptoms have an excellent prognosis. For example, most people recover fully from colds and the flu without significant long-term complications. On the other hand, serious causes of fever and headache (such as encephalitis or meningitis) may be fatal, especially if not properly treated.

It is not possible to prevent all causes of fever and headache, although you can take measures to help avoid infectious diseases and some other causes of headache and fever.

• Always use good hand-washing hygiene.
• Do not share eating utensils, drinking glasses, toothbrushes, or towels with others.
• Avoid contact with ill people.
• Take appropriate precautions against mosquito and tick bites when outdoors.
• Stay hydrated in the sun or heat.