Generic Name: fenugreek
Other Names: birds foot, bockshornsam, chilbe, foenugraeci semen, Greek hay, griechische Heusamen, hu lu ba, methi, trigonella foenum graecum
Drug Class: Herbals
What is fenugreek, and what is it used for?
Fenugreek is an aromatic herb (Trigonella foenum-graecum) commonly grown in West and South Asia, North Africa and the Mediterranean region.
Fenugreek is a common ingredient in herbal medicine, fenugreek leaves are eaten as a vegetable and dried leaves and seeds are used whole or powdered, as flavoring in food. Fenugreek has been traditionally taken as a supplement for many health benefits such as increasing milk production in lactating women, and reducing blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.
Fenugreek has a bitter taste and aroma resembling maple syrup. Fenugreek’s medicinal properties come from the many substances it contains such as amino acids, saponins, steroidal sapogenins, flavonoids, vitamins, minerals, proteins, oils, fatty acids, fiber, and mucilage.
Studies show that some of the compounds in fenugreek may control the spike in blood glucose levels that comes after a meal (postprandial) and reduce the absorption of cholesterol. The fiber and mucilage also reduce the absorption of glucose and cholesterol in the digestive tract.
Nursing women have traditionally been consuming fenugreek to stimulate breast milk production, however, limited studies show mixed results. Fenugreek is also used to relieve menstrual cramps and other abdominal pain, and topically applied for cellulitis and boils. Fenugreek is believed to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Some studies indicate fenugreek may lower postprandial glucose levels, however, there is insufficient scientific evidence for any of its other uses.
Fenugreek is available as a dietary supplement in various forms such as powders, capsules, and oils. The suggested uses of fenugreek include the following:
- Diabetes type 1 and type 2
- Lactation aid
- Wound and boil treatment
- Local inflammation
- High cholesterol and triglycerides
- Thickening of arteries (atherosclerosis)
- Constipation
- Improving appetite
- Fevers
- Kidney ailments
- Maintenance of heart health and liver health
Warnings
- Do not use if you are hypersensitive to fenugreek
- Do not administer fenugreek to children
- Use with caution if you have diabetes, it may cause a harmful drop in blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia), particularly when taken along with other antidiabetic drugs
What are the side effects of fenugreek?
Common side effects of fenugreek include:
- Indigestion
- Diarrhea
- Gas (flatulence)
- Nausea
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Abnormal urine odor
- Abnormal body odor
- Low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia)
- Allergic reaction
- Asthma
- Wheezing
- Loss of consciousness
Call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms or serious side effects while using this drug:
- Serious heart symptoms include fast or pounding heartbeats, fluttering in your chest, shortness of breath, and sudden dizziness;
- Severe headache, confusion, slurred speech, severe weakness, vomiting, loss of coordination, feeling unsteady;
- Severe nervous system reaction with very stiff muscles, high fever, sweating, confusion, fast or uneven heartbeats, tremors, and feeling like you might pass out; or
- Serious eye symptoms include blurred vision, tunnel vision, eye pain or swelling, or seeing halos around lights.
This is not a complete list of all side effects or adverse reactions that may occur from the use of this drug.
Call your doctor for medical advice about serious side effects or adverse reactions. You may also report side effects or health problems to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

QUESTION
You are constipated if you don't have a bowel movement every day. See AnswerWhat are the dosages of fenugreek?
There is no established dosage for fenugreek.
Suggested dosing:
Seed
- 1-2 g orally three times daily
- No more than 6 g/day
Tea
- 1 cup multiple times/day; 500 mg seed/150 mL water
Poultice
- Apply topically as needed
- Paste: 50 g of powdered seed in 0.25-1 L hot water
Diabetes Mellitus, Postprandial Glucose Control
- 10-15 g orally once/day or in divided doses with meals OR
- Hydroalcoholic extract: 1 g orally once/day OR
- Seed: 5 g/day orally
- 0.6-2.5 g orally twice daily with meals
Overdose
- Fenugreek overdose may cause a harmful drop in blood glucose levels.
- In case of overdose, discontinue fenugreek and if symptoms do not resolve, seek medical help or contact Poison Control.
What drugs interact with fenugreek?
Inform your doctor of all medications you are currently taking, who can advise you on any possible drug interactions. Never begin taking, suddenly discontinue, or change the dosage of any medication without your doctor’s recommendation.
Fenugreek has no known severe, serious, or moderate interactions with other drugs.
- Mild Interactions of fenugreek include:
The drug interactions listed above are not all of the possible interactions or adverse effects. For more information on drug interactions, visit the RxList Drug Interaction Checker.
It is important to always tell your doctor, pharmacist, or health care provider of all prescription and over-the-counter medications you use, as well as the dosage for each, and keep a list of the information. Check with your doctor or health care provider if you have any questions about the medication.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Animal reproductive studies of fenugreek show evidence of antifertility effect in males and females, and fetal harm when consumed during pregnancy.
- Small amounts of fenugreek in food may be acceptable during pregnancy. Avoid taking fenugreek as a supplement during pregnancy.
- Fenugreek consumed in food to improve milk flow in nursing mothers may be safe, however, there are no studies on the safety and efficacy of fenugreek either in food or supplements. Avoid supplements while breastfeeding.
- Check with your healthcare provider before taking any supplement, including fenugreek, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
What else should I know about fenugreek?
- Fenugreek is generally safe for most people when consumed in food or as supplements.
- Take fenugreek supplements exactly as per label instructions.
- Fenugreek supplements are marketed as herbal supplements and are not stringently regulated by the FDA. Products may differ in formulations and strengths; exercise caution in choosing your product.
- Check with your healthcare provider before taking any supplement, including fenugreek.
Summary
Fenugreek is an aromatic herb (Trigonella foenum-graecum) that has been traditionally taken as a supplement for many health benefits such as increasing milk production in lactating women, and reducing blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It may also be used for treating diabetes (type 1 and type 2), constipation, wounds and boils, inflammation, thickening of arteries (atherosclerosis), and more. Common side effects of fenugreek include indigestion, diarrhea, gas (flatulence), nausea, headache, dizziness, abnormal urine odor, abnormal body odor, low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia), allergic reaction, asthma, wheezing, and loss of consciousness.
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Breastfeeding is one of the best ways to bond with your baby. It has myriad benefits for you as well as your baby, but you may want to avoid coffee, tea, chocolate, gassy foods, fish, spicy foods, eggs, nuts, milk and peppermint, parsley and sage as they may cause reactions in your baby.
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Hypoglycemia Without Diabetes: Causes and Diet
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar level) is a condition most seen in patients with diabetes, who are on insulin or medications. Hypoglycemia is uncommon to happen in people without diabetes.
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Which Country Has the Highest Diabetes Rate?
Diabetes mellitus (DM), or simply referred to as diabetes, is a condition that impairs the body's ability to use blood glucose, known as blood sugar, and other nutrients including fats and proteins. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps glucose from the food get into the cells to be used for the production of energy.
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What Can Constipation be a Sign Of?
What is constipation and how do I know why I have it? Could it be a sign of something more serious?
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How Do People With Diabetes Heal Sores?
If you have diabetes, you are more likely to develop ulcers that do not heal as quickly as they should. People with diabetes can heal sores with proper wound care and medical treatment.
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What Is the Difference Between Diabetes Insipidus and Diabetes Mellitus?
Diabetes affects the way your body turns food into energy. Diabetes insipidus causes thirst due to dehydration from constant urination while diabetes mellitus causes thirst due to high glucose levels in the blood.
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What Are Some Home Remedies I Can Give My Child for Constipation?
What are some home remedies for children with constipation? Learn what causes constipation and how to relieve your child’s symptoms.
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What Are the 3 Most Common Symptoms of Undiagnosed Diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus has become a worldwide epidemic, thanks to changing lifestyles and increasing obesity. Type 2 diabetes affects approximately 13% of the population of the United States. Worldwide prevalence of diabetes is estimated to be around 463 million people. Type 2 diabetes accounts for over 90% of patients with diabetes.
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How and Why Does Ethnicity Affect Diabetes?
Diabetes is a condition that causes elevated blood sugar levels. Acquired risk factors are associated with diabetes although ethnicity plays a role in increasing the incidence of the condition.
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What Supplies Do You Need for Type 2 Diabetes?
Supplies like a blood sugar meter, insulin syringe, pen, or pump, and continuous glucose monitor can help you monitor and control your blood sugar levels and manage your Type 2 diabetes.
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How Often Should You Poop?
Pooping, otherwise known as defecation or bowel movements, is the end result of digestion. According to experts, it's normal to have bowel movements as often as 3 times a day or as infrequently as 3 times per week.
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Can Type 2 Diabetes be Cured?
Type 2 diabetes is a long-term medical condition in which the body is not able to regulate blood sugar (glucose) level because of the inability of the body to properly use insulin. An individual can get type 2 diabetes because of a number of factors that reduce insulin action or quantity in the body. The goals of diabetes management are to eliminate symptoms and prevent the development of complications. Many drugs, both oral and injectable, are available for diabetes management.
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Can Type 1 Diabetes be Cured?
Type 1 diabetes is a disorder of the pancreas. The organ doesn't make enough insulin. Learn what medical treatments can help ease your type 1 diabetes symptoms and speed up your recovery.
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What Helps Constipation Fast?
Learn what medical treatments can help ease your constipation symptoms and speed up your recovery.
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What Is Type 1 Diabetes and How Do You Get It?
What is type 1 diabetes? Learn the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as the symptoms and treatments for type 1 diabetes.
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What Are the Warning Signs of Gestational Diabetes?
Gestational diabetes is diabetes that develops in a woman during pregnancy. Warning signs of gestational diabetes include increased thirst, tiredness, nausea and vomiting, and other signs.
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What Tests Should Be Done for Diabetes?
Testing for diabetes is important because early detection and treatment can help maintain healthy blood glucose levels and lower the rate of premature death. Learn the ten best tests to diagnose diabetes here.
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Tips for Managing Type 1 and 2 Diabetes at Home
Managing your diabetes is a full time commitment. The goal of diabetic therapy is to control blood glucose levels and prevent the complications of diabetes. Information about exercise, diet, and medication will help you manage your diabetes better. Blood glucose reagent strips, blood glucose meters, urine glucose tests, tests for urinary ketones, continuous glucose sensors, and Hemoglobin A1C testing information will enable you to mange your diabetes at home successfully.
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Do Certain Ethnic Groups Have a Higher Risk of Diabetes?
One out of every 10 people in the United States has diabetes. Pacific Islanders, Alaskan natives and American Indians have the highest prevalence rates of diabetes among groups studied in the United States Census.
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Is Quinoa Good for Diabetes?
Quinoa (pronounced as keen-wah) or Chenopodium quinoa is an annual herb of the goosefoot family. The herb is known for its edible starchy seeds. It is native to the Andean highlands and is popular over the world for its health benefits. Quinoa seeds may be used as cooked grains or grounded into flour.
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What Is the Pathogenesis of Types I and II Diabetes Mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia caused by abnormalities in insulin production, insulin action, or both. Learn about what causes type I vs. type II diabetes.
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What Are 8 Problems That Can Occur With Breastfeeding?
Breastfeeding may not come naturally to all women. Common breastfeeding problems include sore nipples, breast pain, engorgement, infections, and more.
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Constipation Signs and Symptoms
An individual may experience different symptoms; however, these are most common signs and symptoms of constipation.
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How Many Types of Diabetes Are There?
There are four major types of diabetes and there are many other types of diabetes due to genetic mutations, health conditions, and other factors.
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What Is the Pathophysiology of Type I Diabetes Mellitus?
The pathophysiology of type I diabetes is autoimmunity, which is a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and possible viral infection of the pancreas.
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Is Gestational Diabetes the Same as Diabetes Mellitus?
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes mellitus (DM) that develops during pregnancy and goes away after the birth of the baby.
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What Are the Five Common Causes of Constipation?
Here are five causes of constipation, which include poor diet and lifestyle habits, medical conditions, and medications.
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Can Diabetes Cause Lack of Sleep?
Diabetes can cause lack of sleep and poor sleep quality. This is often due to fluctuating blood sugar levels, which can cause frequent nighttime urination.
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What Technologies Are Used for Type 2 Diabetes?
Approximately 90 percent of all diabetes cases are type 2. Over the past decade, many improvements in diabetes technology have focused on safer and more precise glucose testing and insulin delivery.
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Which Type of Diabetes Is Worse for COVID?
COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a mild illness in most people. People with type 1 diabetes have 3.5 times the risk of dying compared to people without diabetes and people with type 2 diabetes have double the mortality risk with this viral infection.
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What Is Bad About Triglycerides?
Triglycerides are a form of fat present in the human body. High triglycerides may increase your risk of heart disease and be an indication of a variety of underlying health concerns.
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Problems When Breastfeeding
Breast milk is the best diet for infants. Breastfeeding has several health benefits for the mother and her baby; moreover, it also builds an emotional bonding between them. Experts recommend exclusive breastfeeding until the baby is six months.
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How Easy Is It To Get Pregnant After Giving Birth While Breastfeeding?
Some people use breastfeeding to delay ovulation after giving birth because they believe it leads to a lower chance of pregnancy. Breastfeeding often, but not always, delays ovulation and lowers fertility.
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What Happens to Your Body When You Have Diabetes?
Diabetes is an impairment in the manner in which the body manages and uses sugar (glucose) as a fuel. High blood sugar levels may cause problems with the cardiovascular system, neurological system, and immune system.
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What Are the Early Signs of Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by increased blood sugar (glucose) level. Type 2 Diabetes is caused by either insufficient insulin secretion or resistance to that hormone’s action. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and helps process the glucose in the blood. Thus, with inadequate insulin, the bodies can’t burn all the blood sugar for energy in an efficient way. This means the glucose level in the blood rises, causing a variety of symptoms and when severe may even lead to death.
Treatment & Diagnosis
- Constipation
- Diabetes
- Prediabetes
- Gestational Diabetes
- Diabetes: Dealing with the Complications
- Breastfeeding: Basics and Beyond
- Breastfeeding Demystified with Maggie Payne-Orton, RN
- Diabetes: Meeting the Diabetes Challenge
- Breastfeeding: Feed Me! Breasts, Bottles, & Beyond
- Diabetes: Monitoring Your Sugar Levels
- Diabetes: Maintaining Control with Nutrition
- Diabetes: Dealing with Your New Diagnosis
- Diabetes: Your Treatment Options
- Diabetes: Psychological Challenges
- Diabetes: Your Guide to Life With Diabetes
- Diabetes- Keeping Watch: Daily Diabetes Monitoring
- Diabetes: Maintaining Control
- Diabetes and Your Heart
- Diabetes and Diet: What Do I Eat?
- Breastfeeding Basics: So That's What They're For!
- Diabetes: Scientific Research for Type I Diabetes
- Diabetes FAQs
- High Cholesterol (Hyperlipidemia) FAQs
- Type 2 Diabetes FAQs
- Constipation FAQs
- Type 1 Diabetes FAQs
- Triglycerides FAQs
- The Truth About Poop FAQs
- Nursing Home: How to Evaluate a Nursing Home
- Can Rituximab Be Taken By Breastfeeding Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis?
- Are Corticosteroids Safe for Pregnant and Nursing Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis?
- What if I get COVID-19 with Diabetes?
- Breastfeeding -- Protection from Breast Cancer?
- Heart Disease Stroke and Diabetes
- What Foods to Eat to Reverse Diabetes
- How Bad Is Type 1 Diabetes?
- What Causes Type 1 Diabetes in Adults?
- Can You Get Diabetes from Stress?
- How Do You Know if You Have Diabetes?
- What Are Side Effects of Antimalarial Drugs While Breastfeeding?
- Can Hormones Released by Breastfeeding Cause a Miscarriage?
- Can oral diabetes medications cause impotence?
- What Does it Feel Like to Be Constipated?
- Why Do I Constantly Get Constipated?
- How to Get Rid of Constipation
- Does Stress Cause Diarrhea or Constipation?
- How Do I Lower My Cholesterol (Triglycerides)
- Can You Have Type 1 Diabetes Without Symptoms?
- 6 Frequently Asked Diabetes Question
- Can Crohn's Cause Constipation?
- Can Diabetes Cause Muscle Pain?
- 11 Diabetes Diet Tips for the Holidays
- Diabetes Diet
- Top 10 Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Diabetes
- Diabetes: What Can I Eat?
Medications & Supplements
Prevention & Wellness
- Do I Need to Burp My Baby After Breastfeeding?
- Is Brown Sugar Better for Diabetes Than White Sugar?
- Can Nitric Oxide Supplements Help Manage Type 2 Diabetes?
- Castor Oil: 5 Health Benefits for Arthritis, Skin, Constipation, and More
- Are Medium-Chain Triglycerides Good for You?
- Can High Cholesterol Be Genetic?
- What Can I Do for Sore Nipples While Breastfeeding?
- How Do I Establish a Breastfeeding Schedule?

Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_fenugreek_greek_hay/drugs-condition.htm
https://reference.medscape.com/drug/birds-foot-bockshornsam-fenugreek-344582#0
https://www.diabetes.co.uk/natural-therapies/fenugreek.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501779/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658077X15301065
https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/fenugreek
https://www.medicinenet.com/what_are_the_benefits_of_fenugreek/article.htm