What are antihistamine (allergy) shots, and what are they used for?
Antihistamine shots are prescription medications that are used for the rapid medical treatment of conditions such as:
- Allergic reactions (a severe allergy to a substance)
- Anxiety
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Motion sickness
- To induce sedation when injected into a patient
Antihistamine shots also are used to alleviate extra pyramidal symptoms of antipsychotic medications.
Histamine is a chemical that causes many signs and symptoms of allergy. Histamine is released from histamine-storing cells (mast cells) and attaches to other cells that have receptors for histamine on their surfaces. Histamine stimulates the cells to release chemicals that produce effects that we associate with allergy. Antihistamines blocks histamine receptors and thus prevent activation of cells with histamine receptors by histamine.
What are examples of generic and brand names of allergy shots?
Examples of the brand and generic names for this type of medication include:
- diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- promethazine (Phenergan)
- hydroxyzine hydrochloride (Restall, Vistacot)
- dimenhydrinate (Dramamine, Driminate)
The formulation of this drug is available by prescription only to treat a patient with a specific condition. It is not available over-the-counter (OTC). Other formulations of antihistamine drugs are available over-the-counter that treat medical conditions such as:
- Mild allergic reactions
- Itching
- Mild allergy symptoms
- Allergic rhinitis
- Runny nose
Examples of OTC medicine available over-the-counter include:
- diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- certirizine (Zyrtec)
- loratadine (Claritin)
- fexofenadine (Allegra)
- desloratadine (Clarinex)
- loratadine ODT (Alavert, Tavist ND)

SLIDESHOW
Common Allergies: Symptoms and Signs See SlideshowWhat are the side effects of allergy shots?
The common side effects of this type of medication include:
Which drugs interact with antihistamine shots?
Antihistamine injections have additive effects if used with alcohol or other central nervous system depressant medications such as:
- alprazolam (Xanax)
- clonazepam (Klonopin)
- diazepam (Valium)
- zolpidem (Ambien)
- zaleplon (Sonata)
- phenobarbital
- butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine (Fioricet)
- codeine
- morphine (MSIR)
- hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
- buprenorphine (Buprenex)
- azelastine (Astelin)
Effects of antihistamines are prolonged if combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as:
- phenelzine (Nardil)
- selegiline (Zelapar, Emsam, and Eldepryl)
- tranylcypromine (Parnate)
- procarbazine (Matulane)
- rasagiline (Azilect)
- isocarboxazid (Marplan).
Antihistamine injections should be used with caution if the patient under medical care and receiving treatment with an MAOI drug.
What formulations of antihistamine injections are available?
- Prescription antihistamine injections are available in injection form.
- Diphenhydramine, promethazine, and dimenhydrinate are administered intramuscularly and intravenously.
- Hydroxyzine hydrochloride is administered only intramuscularly.
- Antihistamine injections are not recommended for administration via subcutaneous route.
Is it safe to have antihistamine shots during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
- FDA lists diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate as Pregnancy Category B and promethazine as Pregnancy Category C. Hydroxyzine does not have a Pregnancy Category. These categories mean that the safe and effective use of any antihistamine injection drug is not established in during pregnancy; therefore, if a patient is pregnant, medical treatment with this drug should be used only if clearly needed.
- It is not known whether an injected antihistamine drug enters breast milk; therefore, patients who are pregnant should seek medical advise and use caution before treatment with a prescription antihistamine injection medication in women who are breastfeeding.
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Summary
Antihistamine shots or injections are prescription drugs used for the rapid treatment of allergic reactions, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, and induce sedation. The common side effects of this type of medication include dizziness, drowsiness (sleepiness), dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, increased or decreased blood pressure, headache, abnormal heart rate, nausea, trouble breathing, tiredness (fatigue), and weakness.
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How Can I Help My Child With a Peanut Allergy?
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What Foods Cause Oral Allergy Syndrome?
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What Does an Allergic Reaction Bump Look Like?
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Should I Exercise Outside if I Have Allergies?
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How Do You Tell If Your Child Has Allergies or a Cold?
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Why Are Allergies So Bad Right Now 2021?
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Is Allergic Conjunctivitis the Same as Conjunctivitis?
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How Do You Get Tested for Food Allergies?
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What Are Typical Seasonal Allergy Symptoms?
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Is Food Intolerance the Same as Food Allergy?
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Is My Sore Throat Allergies or COVID-19?
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Can Fall Allergies Cause Sinus Headaches?
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How Is COVID-19 Different From Allergies?
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Treatment & Diagnosis
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- Insect Sting Allergy
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- Peanut and Other Food Allergies -- Scott Sicherer, MD
- Asthma and Allergies and Your Child
- Allergies FAQs
- Questions To Ask Your Doctor - Allergy
- Air Pollution and Allergies: A Connection?
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- Food Allergies vs. Food Intolerance
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- Drugs: The Most Common Medication Errors
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- Can Milk Allergy Cause Rheumatoid Arthritis?
- What Can You Give a Toddler for Severe Cough?
- Can You Be Allergic to Ceclor for Hepatitis B?
- Can Psoriasis Be Caused by Allergy?
- Do Allergy Drugs Interact with Synthroid?
- Allergy to Stinging Insects Can Be Life Threatening
- 5 Food Allergy Myths
- Generic Drugs, Are They as Good as Brand-Names?
- Food Allergy: The Facts
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- decongestant/antihistamine/anticholinergic - oral
- narcotic antitussive/antihistamine - oral
- decongestant/narcotic antitussive/acetaminoph/antihistamine - oral
- decongestant/narcotic antitussive/antihistamine - oral
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Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.