- Bacterial Infections 101 Pictures Slideshow
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- What is amoxicillin? How does it work (mechanism of action)?
- What are the uses for amoxicillin (what does it treat)?
- What are the side effects of amoxicillin?
- What is the dosage for amoxicillin?
- Which drugs or supplements interact with amoxicillin?
- Is amoxicillin safe to take if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?
- What else should I know about amoxicillin?
What is amoxicillin? How does it work (mechanism of action)?
Amoxicillin belongs to a class of antibiotics called penicillins. Other members of this class include
- ampicillin (Unasyn),
- piperacillin (Pipracil),
- ticarcillin (Ticar), and
- several others.
These antibiotics all have a similar mechanism of action. They do not directly kill bacteria, but they stop bacteria from multiplying by preventing bacteria from forming the walls that surround them. The walls are necessary to protect bacteria from their environment and to keep the contents of the bacterial cell together. Bacteria cannot survive without a cell wall. Amoxicillin is effective against many different bacteria including H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoea, E. coli, Pneumococci, Streptococci, and certain strains of Staphylococci.
The FDA approved Amoxicillin in December 1974.
What are the uses for amoxicillin (what does it treat)?
- Amoxicillin is used to treat infections due to bacteria that are susceptible to the effects of amoxicillin.
- Common bacterial infections that amoxicillin is used for include infections of the
- middle ear,
- tonsils,
- throat,
- larynx (laryngitis),
- bronchi (bronchitis),
- lungs (pneumonia),
- genital and urinary tract,
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection
- anthrax,
- endocarditis,
- urinary tract, and
- skin.
Amoxicillin also is used to treat gonorrhea.
What are the side effects of amoxicillin?
Side effects due to amoxicillin include
- diarrhea,
- dizziness,
- heartburn,
- insomnia,
- nausea,
- itching,
- vomiting,
- confusion,
- abdominal pain,
- easy bruising,
- bleeding,
- rash, and
- allergic reactions.
People who are allergic to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics, which are related to the penicillins, for example, cefaclor (Ceclor), cephalexin (Keflex), and cefprozil (Cefzil), may or may not be allergic to penicillins.
Serious but rare reactions include:
- seizures,
- severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), and
- low platelet (thrombocytopenia) or red blood cell count.
Amoxicillin can alter the normal bacteria in the colon and encourage overgrowth of some bacteria such as Clostridium difficile which causes inflammation of the colon (pseudomembranous colitis). Patients who develop signs of pseudomembranous colitis after starting amoxicillin (diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and possibly shock) should contact their physician immediately.

SLIDESHOW
Bacterial Infections 101: Types, Symptoms, and Treatments See SlideshowWhat is the dosage for amoxicillin?
- For most infections in adults the dose of amoxicillin is 250 mg every 8 hours, 500 mg every 8 hours, 500 mg every 12 hours or 875 mg every 12 hours, depending on the type and severity of infection.
- For the treatment of adults with gonorrhea, the dose is 3 g given as one dose.
- For most infections, children older than 3 months but less than 40 kg are treated with 25 or 45 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours or 20 or 40 mg/kg/day with one-third of the daily dose given every 8 hours depending on the type and severity of the infection.
- Amoxicillin can be taken with or without food.
Which drugs or supplements interact with amoxicillin?
Amoxicillin is rarely associated with important drug interactions.
Is amoxicillin safe to take if I am pregnant or breastfeeding?
- Penicillins are generally considered safe for use by pregnant women who are not allergic to penicillin.
- Small amounts of amoxicillin may be excreted in breast milk and may cause diarrhea or allergic responses in nursing infants. Amoxicillin is generally considered safe to use while breastfeeding. Amoxicillin is used to treat infections in the newborn.
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What else should I know about amoxicillin?
Preparations
- Capsules: 250 and 500 mg.
- Tablets: 500 and 875 mg.
- Chewable tablets: 125, 200, 250, and 400 mg.
- Powder for suspension: 50 mg/ml ; 125, 200, 250, and 400 mg/5 ml.
- Tablet (Extended release): 775 mg
Storage
- Amoxicillin capsules as well as the 125 and 250 mg dry powders should b e stored at or below 20 C (68 F).
- Chewable tablets as well as 200 and 400 mg dry powders should be stored at or below 25 C(77 F).
- Trimox capsules and unreconstituted powder should be stored at or below 20 C (68 F), and chewable tablets should be stored at room temperature 15 C to 30 C (59 F to 86 F).
- Powder that has been mixed with water should be discarded after 14 days. Refrigeration is preferred but not required for powder mixed with water.
Other information about amoxicillin
- Amoxicillin is available in generic form and is available by prescription only.
- Brand names available in the US for amoxicillin are Amoxil, Moxatag, and Larotid.

QUESTION
Bowel regularity means a bowel movement every day. See AnswerSummary
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Moxatag, Larotid) is an antibiotic that belongs to a class of antibiotics called penicillins. Common infections that amoxicillin is used to treat include middle ear infections, tonsillitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, skin, gonorrhea, and urinary tract infections.
Common side effects of amoxicillin include nausea, itching, vomiting, confusion, abdominal pain, and easy bruising.
Drug interactions, dosing, storage, and pregnancy and breastfeeding safety should be reviewed prior to taking penicillins.
Dispermox, Trimox, Wymox, Utimox, and Polymox are discontinued brands and are no longer available in the US.
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Tonsil Stones
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Tonsillitis (Adenoiditis)
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Acne (Pimples)
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Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media)
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Rosacea
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Pericoronitis
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Pneumonia
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Women (STDs)
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Sore Throat
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Gonorrhea In Women
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Streptococcal Infections
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Is Chlamydia Contagious?
Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is contagious. Chlaymida is spread through sexual contact. (You cannot get chlamyidia from kissing or sharing utensils or drinks.) Chlamydia is the most common STD in the U.S. The incubation period for chlamydia ranges from days to months, and the contagious period ends seven days after patients begin treatment. Chlamydia signs and symptoms may include painful urination, rectal irritation (proctitis), eye infections, and infertility. Women can also develop chronic pelvic pain, salpingitis, and endometritis.
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Strep Throat
Strep throat is a bacterial infection of the throat. Signs and symptoms of strep throat include headache, nausea, vomiting, sore throat, and fever. Strep throat symptoms in infants and children are different than in adults. Strep throat is contagious and is generally passed from person-to-person. Treatment for strep throat symptoms include home remedies and OTC medication; however, the only cure for strep throat are antibiotics.
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Is H. pylori Contagious?
H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) infection: Is it contagious? H. pylori infection is caused by fecal contamination in either food or water, and by poor hygiene practices such as not washing the hands often. Common symptoms of H. pylori are a discomfort or pain in the area of the stomach. Some individuals describe the pain as gnawing or burning. Treatment of H. pylori infection is antibiotic therapy.
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Endocarditis
Endocarditis, a serious infection of one of the four heart valves is caused by growth of bacteria on one of the heart valves; leading to an infected massed called a "vegetation." The infection can be caused by having bacteria in the bloodstream after dental work, colonoscopy, or other similar procedures. Endocarditis symptoms include fever, fatigue, weakness, chills, aching muscles and joints, night sweats, edema in the legs, feet, or abdomen, malaise, shortness of breath and small skin lesions. Treatment for endocarditis is generally aggressive antibiotic treatment.
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Clostridium Difficile Colitis (C. diff, C. difficle Colitis)
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a bacterium, and is one of the most common causes of infection of the colon. C. difficile spores are found frequently in hospitals, nursing homes, extended care facilities, and nurseries for newborn infants.
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What Is Lyme Disease in Humans?
Lyme disease is a bacterial illness, which is spread by ticks when they bite the skin. Initially the disease affects the skin causing a reddish rash associated with flu-like symptoms. It takes weeks to months after the initial redness of the skin for its effects to spread throughout the body. Lyme disease can be treated with antibiotics. Lyme disease can be prevented by using tick avoidance techniques.
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Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection is the most common type of infection acquired by patients while hospitalized. Patients at risk for VRE are those who are already ill, and hospitalized, including individuals with diabetes, elderly, ICU patients, kidney failure patients, or patients requiring catheters. Enterococci can survive for months in the digestive tract and female genital tract. Other risk factors for acquiring VRE include those how have been previously treated with vancomycin and combinations of other antibiotics. Treatment of VRE is generally with other antibiotics other than vancomycin. Prevention of VRE can be achieved by proper hand hygiene.
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Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina)
Scarlet fever, a bacterial infection caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria, causes symptoms and signs such as fever, rash with a sandpaper-like texture, and sore throat. Oral penicillin is the standard treatment for scarlet fever, or scarlatina.
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Group A Streptococcal Infections
Second Source article from Government
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Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that causes symptoms such as fever, headache, and chills. Treatment for leptospirosis requires antibiotics.
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Is Mononucleosis (Mono) Contagious?
Mononucleosis (mono) is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and can be transmitted by an infected person's saliva. Mono symptoms and signs include rash, enlarged spleen, swollen lymph nodes, fever, sore throat, and fatigue.
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Bug Bites and Stings
Bug bites and stings have been known to transmit insect-borne illnesses such as West Nile virus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Lyme disease. Though most reactions to insect bites and stings are mild, some reactions may be life-threatening. Preventing bug bites and stings with insect repellant, wearing the proper protective attire, and not wearing heavily scented perfumes when in grassy, wooded, and brushy areas is key.
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Pregnancy and Drugs (Prescription and OTC)
Taking prescription medications or over-the-counter drugs or supplements should be discussed with your doctor. There are some medications that have been found to cause no problems in pregnancy, however, medications such as Accutane for acne, should never be taken during pregnancy.
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Heart Attack Prevention
Heart disease and heart attacks can be prevented by leading a healthy lifestyle with diet, exercise, and stress management. Symptoms of heart attack in men and women include chest discomfort and pain in the shoulder, neck, jaw, stomach, or back. Women experience the same symptoms as men; however, they also may experience: Extreme fatigue Pain in the upper abdomen Dizziness Fainting Leading a healthy lifestyle with a heart healthy low-fat diet, and exercise can help prevent heart disease and heart attack.
Treatment & Diagnosis
- Cloudy Urine
- Urine Odor
- Bladder Infection
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
- Chlamydia
- Sinus Infection (Sinusitis)
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Infection
- Earache
- Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media)
- Sore Throat (Pharyngitis)
- Mitral Valve Prolapse
- Aortic Stenosis
- Lyme Disease
- Doctor: Checklist to Take To Your Doctor's Appointment
- Gum Disease
- Acute Sinusitis
- Boil
- Pericoronitis
- Scarlet Fever
- Leptospirosis
- PANDAS
- Aortic Valve Stenosis
- Urinary Tract Infection FAQs
- STD FAQs
- Skin FAQs
- Pneumonia FAQs
- Acne FAQs
- Rosacea FAQs
- Strep Streptococcal Throat Infection FAQs
- Ear Infection FAQs
- Tonsils and Adenoids, Parent's Perspective
- How To Reduce Your Medication Costs
- Pharmacy Visit, How To Get The Most Out of Your Visit
- Indications for Drugs: Approved vs. Non-approved
- Drugs: Buying Prescription Drugs Online Safely
- Drugs: The Most Common Medication Errors
- Medication Disposal
- Dangers of Mixing Medications
- Antibiotics 101
- Generic Drugs, Are They as Good as Brand-Names?
- Antibiotics 101 - Audio Podcast
Medications & Supplements
- Penicillin (Antibiotics)
- Amoxicillin (Amoxil) vs. Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
- Nitrofurantoin vs. Amoxicillin
- Amoxicillin vs. Levaquin
- Amoxicillin vs. Cipro
- Amoxicillin (Moxatag) vs. Azithromycin (Zithromax)
- Amoxicillin vs. Augmentin (Comparison of Side Effects and Antibiotic Uses)
- Drugs: Questions to Ask Your Doctor or Pharmacist about Your Drugs
- Drug Interactions
- Amoxicillin vs. Ampicillin
- ampicillin
- Amoxicillin vs. Ceftin
- Amoxicillin vs. Penicillin
- penicillin V
- probenecid, (Benemid - brand no longer available)
- Why Are Antibiotics Given Before Cutaneous Surgery?
- Moxatag (amoxicillin) Side Effects, Warnings, and Interactions
- Talicia (omeprazole magnesium, amoxicillin and rifabutin)
Prevention & Wellness
- Antibiotic Resistance Common in Kids' Urinary Tract Infections
- Strep Throat: How Soon Can Kids Go Back to School?
- Prescription Meds: Too Common in Pregnancy?
- Simpler Antibiotic Regimen Helps Sick Babies in Developing Nations
- Certain Heart Drug, Antibiotic Combo Might Be Fatal for Seniors
- Study Finds Many Flu Patients Not Treated Appropriately
- New Push by Doctors to Limit Antibiotic Use in Kids
- Many Docs Wrongly Prescribe Powerful Antibiotics: Study
- Pediatrics Group Issues New Ear Infection Guidelines
- Deer Ticks Carry Yet Another Bacterial Threat
- Most Coughs Don't Respond to Antibiotics, Study Confirms
- Kids' Strep Throat: Likely No Need to Lose Tonsils
- New Strep Throat Guidelines Tackle Antibiotic Resistance
- Prescription Drugs for Kids: What's Up, Down
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