Thrombocytopenia (Low Platelet Count) (cont.)
What are the complications of thrombocytopenia?
The complications of thrombocytopenia may be excessive bleeding after a cut
or an injury resulting in hemorrhage and major blood loss. However, spontaneous
bleeding (without any injury or cut) due to thrombocytopenia is uncommon, unless
the platelet count is less than 20,000.
Other complications may be related to any other
underlying factors or conditions. For example, autoimmune thrombocytopenia
related to lupus may be associated with other complications of lupus. TTP or HUS
can have many complications including severe anemia, confusion or other
neurologic changes, or kidney failure. HIT or heparin induced thrombocytopenia
can have devastating complications related to blood clot formation
(thrombosis).
Can thrombocytopenia be prevented?
In general, thrombocytopenia can be prevented if the cause is known and it is
preventable. If a certain medication is found to induce low platelet count in an
individual, then its future use needs to be avoided. Alcohol avoidance should be
encouraged in people with known alcohol-induced thrombocytopenia. Current and
future use of all heparin products must be avoided in people diagnosed with
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
Thrombocytopenia At A Glance
- Thrombocytopenia refers to platelet counts lower than the
normal range of
150,000 to 450,000.
- Causes of thrombocytopenia can be classified in 3 groups; diminished
production, increased destruction, and splenic sequestration.
- Treatment of thrombocytopenia may vary depending on the cause and the
severity.
Reference: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 1998.
Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2009
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