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February 10, 2010
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Medications and Drugs

Pharmacy Author: Emmanuel Saltiel, Pharm. D.
Medical Editor: Jay Marks, M.D.

GENERIC NAME: tacrine

BRAND NAME: Cognex

DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Tacrine is an oral medication used to treat patients with Alzheimer's disease. Tacrine is in a class of drugs called cholinesterase inhibitors that also includes rivastigmine (Exelon), donepezil (Aricept), and galantamine (Razadyne - formerly known as Reminyl). Cholinesterase inhibitors inhibit (block) the action of acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme responsible for the destruction of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is one of several neurotransmitters in the brain, chemicals that nerve cells use to communicate with one another. Reduced levels of acetylcholine in the brain are believed to be responsible for some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. By blocking the enzyme that destroys acetylcholine, rivastigmine increases the concentration of acetylcholine in the brain, and this increase is believed to be responsible for the improvement in thinking seen with tacrine. Tacrine was approved by the FDA in 1993.

PRESCRIPTION: Yes

GENERIC AVAILABLE: No

PREPARATIONS: Capsules: 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg.

STORAGE: Capsules should be stored at room temperature, 15-30°C (59-86°F).

PRESCRIBED FOR: Tacrine is used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

DOSING: Tacrine is usually taken four times a day on an empty stomach (one hour before, or two hours after meals). The doctor may increase the dose gradually if liver tests are normal. (See side effects, below.) However, the dose is usually not more than 40 mg four times daily.

DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drugs with anticholinergic properties and which cross into the brain, such as atropine, benztropine (Cogentin), and trihexyphenidyl (Artane) produce opposite effects of tacrine and should be avoided during therapy with tacrine.

Unlike donezepril (Aricept), tacrine does not reduce the elimination of other drugs, increasing their levels in blood and the likelihood of their side effects.

PREGNANCY: Animal reproduction studies have not been done with tacrine. It is not known if tacrine causes fetal harm when taken by a pregnant woman

NURSING MOTHERS: Tacrine may pass into breast milk and be harmful to the nursing infant; it should not be used while nursing.

SIDE EFFECTS: The most common side effect of tacrine is an increase in a liver test called alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as a result of liver damage. When a patient starts taking tacrine, blood is drawn on a weekly basis to measure ALT. If there is an increase in blood ALT, the dosage of tacrine can be reduced. Other side effects of tacrine include nausea, indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and skin rash.

Reference: FDA Prescribing Information


Last Editorial Review: 10/19/2003 9:37:38 PM




Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration

 

You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.


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Suggested Reading by Our Doctors
MedicineNet Doctors
  • donepezil, Aricept, Aricept ODT - Describes the medication donepezil (Aricept), a drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
  • Alzheimer's Disease - Learn about Alzheimer's disease, a common cause of dementia. Symptoms and warning signs include: memory loss, difficulty performing familiar tasks, disorientation to time and place, misplacing things, and more.
  • galantamine, Razadyne, Razadyne ER - Read about galantamine (Razadyne, Razadyne ER - formerly known as Reminyl), a drug used to treat Alzheimer's disease and Dementia. Information includes side effects and drug interactions.

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Related Drugs - WebMD Health Network

tacrine, Cognex

What is dementia?

Dementia is a syndrome characterized by:

  1. impairment in memory,

  2. impairment in another area of thinking such as the ability to organize thoughts and reason, the ability to use language, or the ability to see accurately the visual world (not because of eye disease), and

  3. these impairments are severe enough to cause a decline in the patient's usual level of functioning.

Although some kinds of memory loss are normal parts of aging, the changes due to aging are not severe enough to interfere with the level of function. Many different diseases can cause dementia, but Alzheimer's disease is by far the most common cause for dementia in the United States and in most countries in the world.

What is Alzheimer's disease?

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by dist...

Read the Alzheimer's Disease article »




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