Sun-Sensitive Drugs (Photosensitivity to Drugs) (cont.)
Photoallergic drugs
Some of the common topical photoallergic drugs are the following:
Sunscreens
- para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
- oxybenzone
- cyclohexanol
- benzophenones
- salicylates
- cinnamate
Anti-microbials
Painkillers
Cancer chemotherapy drugs
- 5-fluorouracil (5-FU,
Efudex, Carac, Fluoroplex)
Fragrances
These are only some of the common sun-sensitizing drugs. Please refer to the
appendix of this article for a more comprehensive list.
How is sun sensitivity (photosensitivity) diagnosed?
The diagnosis is mainly made by a thorough history, examination, and review
of the medications and duration of exposure to sun. Again, it is important to
ask when the medication was started and for how long the symptoms persisted.
There are no diagnostic tests available, although a photo-patch test may be
performed. This test is typically performed by a dermatologist (a doctor who
specializes in diseases of the skin) by shining light onto different areas of
the skin to see how long it will take for the light to cause redness. This test
may be useful in evaluating photosensitivity to topical medications causing a
photoallergic response. In cases of phototoxicity reactions, this test is
generally not useful.
What is the treatment for a photosensitizing drug reaction?
Recognizing and discontinuing the photosensitizing drug is the most important
step in treatment. In general, the usual sunburn prevention methods that are
listed above, such as the use of sunscreens and avoidance of prolonged exposure
to sun are important steps to take. Keeping the area of skin eruption moist and
applying wet dressings may help relieve the symptoms. The reaction may last up
to a few weeks.
Topical steroid creams may be helpful in treating the redness, and
antihistamines are generally helpful in minimizing the
itching. In severe cases,
a short course (10-14 days) of oral steroids, under the direction of a
doctor, can be used.
Next: Is anyone taking these drugs at risk for developing sunburn? »
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