Andrew A. Dahl, MD, is a board-certified ophthalmologist. Dr. Dahl's educational background includes a BA with Honors and Distinction from Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, and an MD from Cornell University, where he was selected for Alpha Omega Alpha, the national medical honor society. He had an internal medical internship at the New York Hospital/Cornell Medical Center.
Dr. Balentine received his undergraduate degree from McDaniel College in Westminster, Maryland. He attended medical school at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine graduating in1983. He completed his internship at St. Joseph's Hospital in Philadelphia and his Emergency Medicine residency at Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center in the Bronx, where he served as chief resident.
The conjunctiva is a clear tissue that covers the white of the eye (the
sclera) and lines the inside of both eyelids. A subconjunctival hemorrhage is
blood that is located between the conjunctiva and the underlying sclera.
What causes a subconjunctival hemorrhage?
The conjunctiva contains nerves and
many small blood vessels. These blood vessels are usually barely visible but
become larger and more visible if the eye is inflamed. These blood vessels are
somewhat fragile and their walls may break easily, resulting in a
subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding under the conjunctiva). A subconjunctival
hemorrhage appears as a bright red or dark red patch on the sclera. Most
subconjunctival hemorrhages are spontaneous without an obvious cause for the
bleeding from normal conjunctival blood vessels. Since most subconjunctival
hemorrhages are painless, a person may discover a subconjunctival hemorrhage
only by looking in the mirror. Many spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhages are
first noticed by another person seeing a red spot on the white of your eye.
Rarely there may be an abnormally large or angulated blood vessel as the source
of the hemorrhage.
The following can occasionally result in a spontaneous
subconjunctival hemorrhage:
Certain infections of the outside of the eye
(conjunctivitis) where a virus or a bacteria weaken the walls of small blood
vessels under the conjunctiva
Medical disorder causing bleeding or inhibiting
normal clotting.
Subconjunctival hemorrhage can also be non-spontaneous and
result from a severe eye infection, trauma to the head or eye or after eye or
eyelid surgery.
Pink eye, also called conjunctivitis, is redness or irritation of the conjunctivae, the membranes on the inner part of the eyelids and the membranes covering the whites of the eyes. These membranes react to a wide range of bacteria, viruses, allergy-provoking agents, irritants, and toxic agents.
Chronic cough is a cough that does not go away and is generally a symptom of another disorder such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, sinus infection, cigarette smoking, GERD, postnasal drip, bronchitis, pneumonia, medications, and less frequently tumors or other lung disease. Treatment of chronic cough is dependant upon the cause.
Nausea is an uneasiness of the stomach that often precedes vomiting. Nausea and vomiting are not diseases, but they are symptoms of many conditions. The causes of vomiting differ according to age, and treatment depends upon the cause of nausea and vomiting.
Many common eye disorders resolve without treatment and some may be managed with over-the-counter (OTC) products. It's important to visit a physician or ophthalmologist is the problem involves the eyeball itself or the condition hasn't improved after 72 hours of use of an eye-care OTC product.
Shaken baby syndrome is a form of child abuse in which violent shaking of an infant causes the brain to move inside the skull, causing bruising of the brain and tearing of blood vessels. The shaking results in bleeding around the brain, bleeding in the eyes, spinal cord and neck injuries, bruises, and rib fractures. Infants who survive may suffer brain damage and blindness.
Nausea and vomiting are symptoms of an underlying disease and not a specific
illness. Nausea is the sensation that the stomach wants to empty itself, while
vomiting (emesis) or throwing up, is the act of forcible emptying of the
stomach.
Vomiting is a violent act in which the stomach has to overcome the pressures
that are normally in place to keep food and secretions within the stomach. The
stomach almost turns itself inside out - forcing itself into the lower portion
of the esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach) during a
vomiting episode.
What causes nausea or vomiting?
There are numerous causes of nausea and vomiting. These symptoms may be due
to the following:
acute gastritis
central causes (signals from the brain)
association with other illnesses remote from the stomach
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