Strep Throat
Medical Author: Siamak Nabili, MD, MPH
Medical Editors: William C. Shiel, Jr., MD, FACP, FACR and Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD
Strep Throat Medications
Effective Treatments for Strep Throat
Learn more about these commonly prescribed medications for strep throat:
More on throat ailments: What is pharygitis? »
What is strep throat?
While many people use the terms sore throat, tonsillitis, and strep throat
interchangeably, there are significant clinical differences between these
conditions. Understanding the differences can give patients a better idea of how
and when to be concerned and when to seek advice from a physician.
Strep throat is only one of many possible causes of throat infection and sore
throat. While strep throat is most common in children and adolescents, it can
affect people of all ages.
What causes sore throat?
Sore throat may have many causes. The most common causes of sore throat are
infections of the throat and the surrounding structures. Any inflammation or
infection of the pharynx, tonsils, esophagus (the food pipe), or larynx (the top
opening part of the windpipe) may cause sore throat.
What are the tonsils and tonsillitis?
The tonsils are red, oval clumps of tissue located at the back and to the
sides of the throat. This location allows the tonsils to intercept germs as they
enter the body through the nose and throat. They contain infection-fighting
cells and antibodies (infection-fighting proteins in the body) that stop the
spread of the germs further into the body.
When the tonsils become red, sore, and swollen, this inflammation is called
tonsillitis. This is not a specific term, as there are many causes of
inflammation of the tonsils. Tonsillitis is a common cause of sore throat.
What are the pharynx and pharyngitis?
The pharynx is the area in the back of the throat shared by the oral cavity
and the nasal cavity behind the palate. An infection or inflammation of the
pharynx is called pharyngitis. The infectious causes are similar to those
causing tonsillitis, which are mainly related to viruses and less commonly to
bacterial infection.
Because it is difficult to always distinguish exactly between pharyngitis and
tonsillitis, throat infections are commonly referred to as tonsillopharyngitis,
which signifies an infection of the tonsils, or pharynx, or both.
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