Sjogren's Syndrome (cont.)
How is Sjogren's syndrome treated?
The treatment of patients with Sjogren's syndrome is directed toward the
particular areas of the body that are involved and complications, such as
infection. There is no cure for Sjogren's syndrome.
Dryness of the eyes
can be helped by artificial tears, eye-lubricant ointments at night, and
minimizing the use of hair dryers. When dryness becomes more significant,
the ophthalmologist can plug the tear duct closed so that tears cover the
eye longer. Cyclosporine eyedrops (Restasis) are recently approved medicated drops that can reduce the
inflammation of the tear glands improving their function. Signs of eye infection
(conjunctivitis), such as pus or
excessive redness or pain, should be evaluated by the doctor.
The dry mouth can be helped by drinking plenty of fluids, humidifying
air, and good dental care to avoid dental decay. The glands can be
stimulated to produce saliva by sucking on sugarless lemon drops or
glycerin swabs. Additional treatment for the symptom of dry mouth are
prescription medications that are saliva stimulants, such as pilocarpine (Salagen)
and cevimeline (Evoxac). These medications should be avoided by
people with certain heart diseases, asthma, or glaucoma.
Artificial saliva preparations can ease many of the problems associated with dry
mouth. Many of these types of agents are available as over-the-counter products,
including toothpaste, gum, and mouthwash (Biotene). Vitamin E oil has been used with some success. Infections of the mouth and teeth should be addressed as early as possible in order to avoid more severe complications. Diligent dental care is very important.
Saltwater (saline) nasal sprays can help dryness in the passages of the
nose. Vaginal lubricant should be considered for sexual intercourse.
Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) has been helpful for some manifestations
of Sjogren's syndrome. Serious complications, such as vasculitis, can
require immune-suppression medications, including cortisone (prednisone
and others) and/or azathioprine (Imuran) or cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan).
Infections, which can complicate Sjogren's syndrome, are
addressed with appropriate antibiotics. Cancer of the lymph glands
(lymphoma), a rare complication of Sjogren's
syndrome, is treated independently.
Next: Conclusion »
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