Shingles
(Herpes Zoster)
Medical Author: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD
Medical Editor: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR
Chicken Pox Shot Protects Against Shingles, Too
FRIDAY, Dec. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Children who are vaccinated against chicken pox may also have increased protection against shingles, new findings suggest.
U.S. researchers looked at the health records of 172,163 children in southern California who were vaccinated with the varicella (chicken pox) vaccine between 2002 and 2008.
Over an average of 2.5 years after receiving the chicken pox vaccine, only 122 cases of shingles (herpes zoster) occurred among the children, an estimated incidence of one case per 3,700 children per year. That rate is lower than what would be expected in unvaccinated children, according to the researchers.
Learn more about shingles prevention »
What is shingles? What causes shingles?
Shingles is a skin rash caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. This
virus is called the Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
and is in the Herpes family of viruses.
After an individual has chickenpox, this virus lives in the nervous system
and is never fully cleared from the body. Under certain circumstances, such
as emotional stress, immune deficiency (from AIDS or chemotherapy), or with
cancer, the virus reactivates
and causes shingles. In most cases of shingles, however, a
cause for the reactivation of the virus is never found. Anyone who has ever
had chickenpox is at risk for the development of shingles, although it
occurs most commonly in people over the age of 60. It has been estimated
that up to 1,000,000 cases of shingles occur each year in the U.S.
The herpes virus that causes shingles and
chickenpox is not the same as the herpes viruses that causes genital herpes (which can be sexually transmitted)
or herpes mouth sores. Shingles is medically termed Herpes zoster.
What are symptoms of shingles? How long does shingles last?
Before a rash is visible, the patient may notice several days to a week of burning pain and sensitive skin. When the characteristic rash is not yet apparent, it may be difficult to determine the cause of the often severe pain. Shingles rash starts as small blisters on a red base, with new blisters continuing to form for three to five days. The blisters follow the path of individual nerves that come out of the spinal cord (called a dermatomal pattern) and appear as a band- or
belt-like pattern on an area of skin. The entire path of the affected nerve may be involved, or there may be areas with blisters and areas without blisters. Generally, only one nerve level is involved. In a rare case, more than one nerve will be involved. Eventually, the blisters pop, and the area starts to ooze. The affected areas will then crust over and heal. The duration of the outbreak may take three to four weeks from start to finish. On occasion, the pain will be present but the blisters may never appear. This can be a very confusing cause of local pain.
Is shingles contagious?
Yes, shingles is contagious. Shingles can be spread from an affected person to children or adults who have not had chickenpox.
But instead of developing shingles, these people develop chickenpox. Once they have had chickenpox, people cannot catch shingles (or contract the virus) from someone else. Once infected, however,
people have the potential to develop shingles later in life.
Shingles is contagious to people that have not previously had chickenpox, as long as there are new blisters forming and old blisters healing. Similar to chickenpox, the time prior to healing or crusting of the blisters is the contagious stage of shingles. Once all of the blisters are crusted over, the virus can no longer be spread.
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| Pictures of shingles |
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