What are the signs and symptoms of dehydration?
The body's initial responses to dehydration are thirst to increase water
intake, and decreased urine output to try to conserve water loss. The urine
will become concentrated and more yellow in color.
As the level of water loss increases, more symptoms can become apparent. The
following are further signs and symptoms of dehydration.
- Dry mouth
- The eyes stop making tears
- Sweating may stop
- Muscle cramps
- Nausea and vomiting
- Heart palpitations
- Lightheadedness (especially when standing)
- Weakness
- Decreased urine output
The body tries to maintain cardiac output (the amount of blood that is pumped by the heart to the body); and if the amount of fluid in the intravascular space is decreased, the body tries to compensate for this decrease by increasing the heart rate and making blood vessels constrict to try to maintain blood pressure and blood flow to the vital organs of the body.
The body shunts blood flow away from the skin to internal organs, for example,
the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, and intestines; causing the skin to feel cool
and clammy. This coping mechanism begins to fail as the level of dehydration increases.
With severe dehydration, confusion and
weakness will occur as the brain and
other body organs receive less blood. Finally, coma, organ failure,
and death eventually will occur
if the dehydration remains untreated.