How is reactive arthritis treated?
Treatment of reactive arthritis is based on where it has become manifest
in the body. For joint inflammation, patients are generally initially
treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These
medications include aspirin, indomethacin (Indocin), tolmetin (Tolectin),
sulindac (Clinoril), piroxicam (Feldene), and others. Among their
potential side effects are gastrointestinal irritation, including
ulceration and bleeding. They should be taken with food to minimize this
risk. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, can be helpful to reduce inflammation and are used
in the short-term treatment of inflammation in reactive arthritis. They can
be given by mouth or by local injection into the joint. They are also used
to decrease tendon inflammation in some forms of tendinitis.
Antibiotics may be prescribed if you still have the infection that triggered reactive arthritis.
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) has been shown to be effective in some
patients with persistent reactive arthritis. Potential side effects of this
sulfa-based medication include sulfa rash
reaction and suppression of the bone marrow. Therefore, blood counts are
monitored when Azulfidine is used long-term.
For the aggressive inflammation of chronic joint inflammation in reactive arthritis, medications that suppress the immune system, including
methotrexate
(Rheumatrex, Trexall), are used. Methotrexate can be given orally by
injection. It is given on a weekly basis and requires regular monitoring
of blood counts and blood liver tests because of potential toxicity to the
bone marrow and liver.
Tumor necrosis factor blockers (TNF): The cell protein TNF acts as an inflammatory agent in rheumatoid arthritis. There is some evidence that TNF blockers can also be helpful in reactive arthritis.
Reactive arthritis has been reported in association with HIV infection
(AIDS virus). In this context, immune-suppression medicine is generally
avoided because of the potential for worsening the HIV disease.
Eye inflammation can be alleviated with anti-inflammatory drops. Some
patients with severe iritis require local injections of cortisone to
prevent damaging inflammation to the eye, which can lead to blindness.
The inflammation around the penis can be helped by cortisone creams
(such as Topicort). When bacteria are discovered in the bowel or urine,
antibiotics specific for those bacteria are given.