What are the symptoms of upper respiratory infection?
Generally, the symptoms of upper respiratory infection result from the toxins
released by the pathogens as well as the inflammatory response mounted by the
immune system to fight the infection.
Common symptoms of upper respiratory infection generally include:
- nasal congestion,
- runny nose (rhinorrhea),
- nasal discharge (may change from clear to white to green)
- nasal breathing,
- sneezing,
- sore or scratchy throat,
- painful swallowing (odynophagia),
- cough (from laryngeal swelling and post nasal drip),
- malaise, and
- fever (more common in children).
Other less common symptoms may include foul breath, poor smelling sensation
(hyposmia), headache, shortness of breath, sinus pain, itchy and watery eye
(conjunctivitis), nausea, vomiting diarrhea, and body aches.
The symptoms of upper respiratory infection usually last between 3-14 days; if symptoms last longer
than 14 days, an alternative diagnosis can be considered such as, sinusitis,
allergy, pneumonia, or bronchitis.
Bacterial pharyngitis (strep throat due to group A streptococcus) may be
considered if symptoms continue to worsen after the first week in the absence of
runny nose, cough, or conjunctivitis. Prompt testing and initiation of
appropriate antibiotics is important due to the risk of developing
rheumatic
fever, especially in children.
Epiglottitis is an upper respiratory infection in children that may have a
more sudden onset of sore throat, feeling of a lump in the throat, muffled
voice, dry cough, very painful swallowing, and drooling.
Upper respiratory infections in the lower part of the upper respiratory tract, such as,
laryngotracheitis, are more commonly featured with dry cough and hoarseness
or loss of voice. Barking or whooping cough, gagging, rib pain (from severe cough)
are other presenting features.