Fruit, Veggie Eaters Have Fewer Strokes

Low Vitamin C Levels Linked to Stroke Risk

By Salynn Boyles
WebMD Health News

Reviewed By Louise Chang, MD

Jan. 9, 2008 -- The reasons aren't well understood, but it is increasingly clear that eating plenty of fruits and vegetables is a good way to lower your stroke risk.

In one of the largest studies ever to examine the issue, albeit indirectly, University of Cambridge researchers measured vitamin C levels in more than 20,000 people, who were then followed for roughly a decade.

Blood vitamin C levels tend to be much higher in people who eat lots of fruits and vegetables than in people who do not.

When the participants were divided into four groups based on vitamin C levels, those with the highest concentrations of the vitamin in their blood were found to have a 42% lower stroke risk than those with the lowest concentrations.

The association was seen even after the researchers adjusted for a wide range of stroke risk factors.

Vitamin C, Vegetables, and Stroke

The findings do not prove that it is the vitamin C in fruits and vegetables that is protective, the researchers note.

And most studies have found that taking vitamin C and other antioxidant vitamin supplements is of no benefit for lowering stroke risk.

But the study is one more indication that eating fruits and vegetables every day may have cardiovascular benefits, says Mark Levine, MD, of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

"We don't know what it is, but the message to the public is clear," he tells WebMD. "Eat a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. Think about color, and eat a rainbow of plant foods. That is a pretty simple thing to do."

A total of 20,649 men and women between the ages of 40 and 79 at entry were included in the British trial, reported in the latest issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

During an average follow-up of 9.5 years, 448 of the study participants had strokes.

Lead researcher Phyo K. Myint, MRCP, and colleagues suggest that the observed increase in risk among people with the lowest vitamin C levels could have clinical implications.

Specifically, vitamin C levels may prove to be a good predictive indicator of stroke risk, independent of known risk factors such as age, smoking history, cholesterol, they write.

"Given that about half of the risk of stroke is unexplained by conventional cardiovascular disease risk factors and that the predictive validity of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors appears to diminish with age, risk markers that may help to identify those persons at greatest risk of stroke ... may be of interest."

Less Salt, More Potassium

Stroke specialist Larry B. Goldstein, MD, was chairman of the committee that revised the American Stroke Association's guidelines for stroke prevention in 2006.

Goldstein tells WebMD that a diet high in fruits and vegetables is a good way to accomplish both goals.

He says there is no good evidence that taking vitamins in pill form helps lower stroke risk, and even notes disturbing evidence that antioxidant supplements interfere with the action of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs routinely prescribed to patients at high risk for strokes.

SOURCES: Myint, P.K., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, January 2008; vol 87: pp 64-69. Phyo K. Myint, MRCP, department of public health, University of Cambridge, England. Mark Levine, MD, Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Larry B. Goldstein, MD, spokesman, American Stroke Association; director, Stroke Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C.

© 2008 WebMD Inc. All rights reserved.

Printer-Friendly Format

|

Email to a Friend