Rotavirus (cont.)
How can rotavirus infection be prevented?
Because the virus is so prevalent, it is very difficult or even impossible to prevent rotavirus infection. Even places with excellent standards of hygiene and sanitation can become contaminated. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure.
An older vaccine to prevent rotavirus was withdrawn due to adverse effects. In August 1998, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a live virus vaccine for use in children at ages 2, 4, and 6 months. However, this recommendation was withdrawn in October 1999 because the vaccine appeared to increase the risk of intussusception (the prolapse or telescoping of a portion of the intestine into the immediately adjacent portion of the intestine). The vaccine known as RotaShield was withdrawn from the market in 1999.
However, in February 2006, the FDA approved a new rotavirus vaccine. This
vaccine RotaTeq™ is a live oral vaccine for use in children. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted to recommend a newly licensed vaccine to protect against rotavirus. Studies have shown that the vaccine prevents about 74% of all rotavirus cases, about 98% of severe rotavirus cases, and about 96% of hospitalizations due to rotavirus. Three doses of the rotavirus vaccine are recommended at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.
- Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea among infants and children throughout the world.
- Most children become infected with rotavirus by age 3.
- There are different strains of rotavirus, and multiple infections by different strains may occur.
- Rotavirus causes fever, vomiting, and watery diarrhea.
- Rotavirus infection is highly contagious.
- Rotavirus illness typically resolves on its own after three to nine days.
- A vaccine to prevent rotavirus infection is available.
References: U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "About Rotavirus," 2007.
Last Editorial Review: 3/20/2008
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