Prostate Cancer

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What is the prostate gland?

The prostate gland is an organ that is located at the base or outlet (neck) of the urinary bladder. (See the diagram that follows.) The gland surrounds the first part of the urethra. The urethra is the passage through which urine drains from the bladder to exit from the penis. One function of the prostate gland is to help control urination by pressing directly against the part of the urethra that it surrounds. The main function of the prostate gland is to produce some of the substances that are found in normal semen, such as minerals and sugar. Semen is the fluid that transports the sperm to assist with reproduction. A man can manage quite well, however, without his prostate gland. (See the section on surgical treatment for prostate cancer.)

In a young man, the normal prostate gland is the size of a walnut (<30g). During normal aging, however, the gland usually grows larger. This hormone-related enlargement with aging is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but this condition is not associated with prostate cancer. Both BPH and prostate cancer, however, can cause similar problems in older men. For example, an enlarged prostate gland can squeeze or impinge on the outlet of the bladder or the urethra, leading to difficulty with urination. The resulting symptoms commonly include slowing of the urinary stream and urinating more frequently, particularly at night. Patients should seek medical advice from their urologist or primary-care physician if these symptoms are present.

Picture of the prostate gland


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Prostate Cancer - Symptoms Question: The symptoms of prostate cancer can vary greatly from patient to patient. What were your symptoms at the onset of your disease?
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) blood tests and  Digital Rectal Exams (DRE) are essential for prostate health.

Surviving Prostate Cancer

One Patient's Story

By Angela Generoso
Staff Writer, MedicineNet.com

Reviewed by William Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR

Benjamin Miller* was shocked to learn he had prostate cancer.

"I had absolutely no family historyof prostate cancer," Miller says. "I was very active, had no symptoms, and had an excellent diet."

Miller has since spent a great deal of time over the past five years mentoring men who have been recently diagnosed with prostate cancer, and although he generally avoids suggesting one treatment option over another, he spends even more time answering the questions he says that doctors won't answer.

"There are so many details that the doctors don't tell you because they don't want to spook you," Miller says.

He believes the biggest piece of advice he can give other men experiencing the same condition he struggled through would be that it never hurts to double-check, stressing the importance of testing and re-testing to ensure complete accuracy.

*Name has been changed.

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