Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (cont.)
How can people cope with PTSD?
Some ways that are often suggested for PTSD patients to cope with this
illness include learning more about the disorder as well as talking to friends,
family, professionals, and PTSD survivors for support. Joining a support group
may be helpful. Other tips include reducing stress by using relaxation
techniques (for example, breathing exercises, positive imagery), actively participating
in treatment as recommended by professionals, increasing positive lifestyle
practices (for example, exercise, healthy eating, distracting oneself through keeping a
healthy work schedule if employed, volunteering whether employed or not) and
minimizing negative lifestyle practices like substance abuse, social isolation,
working to excess, and self-destructive or suicidal behaviors.
Where can people get help?
Air Force Palace HART
Phone: 1-800-774-1361
Email: severelyinjured@militaryonesource.com
American Love and Appreciation Fund (for veterans)
1-305-673-2856
Army Wounded Warrior Program
Phone: 1-800-237-1336 or 1-800-833-6622
DHSD Deployment Helpline
Phone: 1-800-497-6261
Marine for Life
Phone: 1-866-645-8762
Email: injuredsupport@M4L.usmc.mil
Military One Source
Phone: 1-800-342-9647
http://www.militaryonesource.com/
Military Severely Injured Center
Phone: 1-800-774-1361
Email: severelyinjured@militaryonesource.com
National Coalition Against Sexual Assault
Phone: 1-717-728-9764
National Alliance for Mentally Ill
Phone: 1-800-950-6264
National Mental Health Association
Phone: 1-800-969-6642
Navy Safe Harbor
Phone: 1-800-774-1361
Email: severelyinjured@militaryonesource.com
Operation Comfort (for veterans and their families)
Phone: 1-866-632-7868 (1-866-NEAR TO U)
PTSD Information Hotline
Phone: 1-802-296-6300
PTSD Sanctuary
Phone: 1-800-THERAPIST
Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network
Phone: 1-800-656-HOPE
http://www.rainn.org
The future
As the use of the Internet continues to expand, so will internet psychiatry.
This is particularly true given that it may be quite useful in specifically
providing access to psychotherapy for individuals with PTSD. Other areas that researchers are targeting to improve recovery
for PTSD sufferers include expanding research on EMDR, studying how PTSD can be
more specifically treated in various ethnic groups, and discovering how to best
prevent people from developing the illness.
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an emotional illness that was first
formally diagnosed in soldiers and war veterans and is caused by terribly
frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe experiences.
- PTSD symptom types include re-experiencing the trauma, avoidance, and
hyperarousal.
- PTSD has a lifetime prevalence of seven up to 30%, with about 5
million people suffering from the illness in any one year. Girls, women, and
ethnic minorities tend to develop PTSD more than boys, men, and Caucasians.
- Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) usually results from
prolonged exposure to traumatic event(s) and is characterized by long-lasting
problems that affect many aspects of emotional and social functioning.
- Symptoms of C-PTSD include problems regulating feelings, dissociation or
depersonalization; persistent depressive feelings, seeing the perpetrator of
trauma as all-powerful, preoccupation with the perpetrator, and a severe change
in what gives the sufferer meaning.
- Untreated PTSD can have devastating, far-reaching consequences for
sufferers' medical and emotional functioning and relationships, their families,
and for society. Children with PTSD can experience significantly negative
effects on their social and emotional development, as well as their ability to
learn.
- Although almost any event that is life-threatening or that severely
compromises the emotional well-being of an individual may cause PTSD, such
events usually include experiencing or witnessing a severe accident or physical
injury, getting a frightening medical diagnosis, being the victim of a crime or
torture, exposure to combat, disaster or terrorist attack, enduring any form of
abuse, or involvement in civil conflict.
- Issues that tend to put people at higher risk for developing PTSD include
female gender, minority ethnicity, increased duration or severity of, as well as
exposure to, the trauma experienced, having an emotional condition prior to the
event, and having little social support. Risk factors for children and
adolescents also include having any learning disability or experiencing violence
in the home.
- Disaster preparedness training may be a protective factor for PTSD.
- Medicines that treat depression (for example, serotonergic antidepressants or
SSRIs), decrease the heart rate (for example, propranolol) or increase the
action of other body chemicals (for example, hydrocortisol) are thought to be effective tools in
the prevention of PTSD when given in the days immediately after an individual
experiences a traumatic event.
- Individuals who wonder if they may be suffering form PTSD may benefit from
taking a self-test as they consider meeting with a practitioner. Professionals
may used a clinical interview in either adults, children, or adolescents, or one
of a number of structured tests with children or adolescents to assess for the
presence of this illness.
- Diagnosing PTSD can present a challenge for professionals since sufferers
often come for evaluation of something that seems to be unrelated to that
illness at first. Those symptoms tend to be physical complaints, depression, or
substance abuse. Also, PTSD often co-occurs with manic depression, eating
disorders, or other anxiety disorders.
- Challenges for assessment of PTSD in children and adolescents include adult
caretakers' tendency to be unaware of the extent of the young person's symptoms
and the tendency for children and teens to express symptoms of the illness in
ways that are quite different from adults.
- Treatments for PTSD usually include psychological and medical treatments.
Education about the illness, helping the individual talk about the trauma
directly, exploration and modification of inaccurate ways of thinking about it,
and teaching the person ways to manage symptoms and are the usual techniques
used in psychotherapy. Family and couples' counseling, parenting classes, and
education about conflict resolution are other useful psychotherapeutic
interventions.
- Directly addressing the sleep problems that are associated with PTSD has
been found to help alleviate those problems, thereby decreasing the symptoms of
PTSD in general.
- Medications that are usually used to help PTSD sufferers include
serotonergic antidepressants (SSRIs) and medicines that help decrease the
physical symptoms associated with illness. Other potentially helpful medications
for managing PTSD include mood stabilizers and antipsychotics. Tranquilizers
have been associated with withdrawal symptoms and other problems and have not
been found to be significantly effective for helping individuals with PTSD.
- Some ways that are often suggested for PTSD patients to cope with this
illness include learning more about the illness, talking to others for support,
using relaxation techniques, participating in treatment, increasing positive
lifestyle practices, and minimizing negative lifestyle practices.
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Last Editorial Review: 12/7/2007
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