1. Spider and Varicose Veins Slideshow Pictures
2. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Slideshow Pictures

Medical Author:

Siamak T. Nabili, MD, MPH

Siamak T. Nabili, MD, MPH

Dr. Nabili received his undergraduate degree from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), majoring in chemistry and biochemistry. He then completed his graduate degree at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). His graduate training included a specialized fellowship in public health where his research focused on environmental health and health-care delivery and management.

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Medical Editor:

William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR

William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR

Dr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology.

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In this Article

• What is phlebitis and thrombophlebitis?
• What causes phlebitis?
• What are the risk factors for phlebitis?
• What are the symptoms of phlebitis?
• How is phlebitis diagnosed?
• How is phlebitis treated?
• What are the complications of phlebitis?
• Can phlebitis be prevented?
• Phlebitis At A Glance
• Patient Comments: Phlebitis - Describe Your Experience
• Find a local Internist in your town
• Phlebitis and Thrombophlebitis Index

Complications of phlebitis may include local infection and abscess formation, clot formation, and progression to a deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. When pronounced deep venous thrombophlebitis has seriously damaged the leg veins, this can lead to post-phlebitic syndrome. Post-phlebitic syndrome is characterized by chronic swelling of the involved leg and can be associated with leg pain, discoloration, and ulcers.

Simple measures can be taken to prevent phlebitis, although, sometimes it cannot be avoided.

Preventive measures of phlebitis include:

• early mobilization after surgery,
  
  
• leg exercises during a long car travel or airplane ride,
  
  
• good nursing hygiene and prompt removal of intravenous catheters, and
  
  
• smoking cessation.

Compression stockings may be beneficial in people with recurrent phlebitis.

In most hospitalized patients who have limited mobility or had recent orthopedic surgery, a low dose of blood thinners [heparin or enoxaparin (Lovenox)] may be injected routinely in order to prevent blood clot formation by keeping the blood relatively thin. This preventive dose is generally lower than the doses used for treating existing blood clots.

• Phlebitis refers to inflammation of a vein and it can be caused by any insult to the blood vessel wall, impaired venous flow, or coagulation abnormality.
  
  
• Pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness are some common symptoms of phlebitis.
  
  
• Thrombophlebitis refers to the formation of a blood clot associated with phlebitis.
  
  
• Thrombophlebitis can be superficial (skin level) or deep (in deeper veins).
  
  
• Superficial phlebitis generally carries a favorable prognosis and can be treated with inexpensive home remedies.
  
  
• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can have serious complications and requires immediate treatment with blood thinners.
  
  
• Simple measures can be taken to prevent phlebitis.