Kidney Disease in Cats

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Cats with kidney problems have a reduced ability to excrete waste products into their urine, leading to a potentially toxic build-up in the bloodstream. While some kidney problems occur suddenly, chronic kidney disease shows up more slowly over a period of time. Timely veterinary assessment with ongoing supportive care and dietary management can allow some cats with kidney problems to maintain an adequate quality of life.

What Causes Kidney Problems?

The following are some causes of both chronic and acute kidney problems:

• High blood pressure
• Infection
• Immunological disease
• Congenital or hereditary disease
• Cancer
• Decreased blood flow to kidneys
• Kidney trauma
• Urinary obstructions such as kidney stones
• Exposure to toxins, especially antifreeze

What Are Some Signs of Kidney Problems?

If your cat shows any of the following symptoms, please take her to see your veterinarian.

• Appetite loss/decrease
• Weight loss
• Vomiting or diarrhea
• Lethargy or depression
• Dehydration
• Change in water consumption
• Pain in the kidney area
• Litter box aversion
• Mouth ulcers
• Bad breath
• Constipation
• Bloody or cloudy urine
• Urinating in abnormal places or pain when urinating
• Stumbling, acting drunk

Which Cats Are Prone to Kidney Problems?

Kidney disease is most prevalent in older cats, but can occur in cats of any age. Cats can be born with abnormal kidneys that never function properly. Some breeds, like Persians, are predisposed to such hereditary kidney problems.

Additionally, outdoor cats run the risk of acute problems because they have more chance of exposure to toxins that can cause kidney failure, namely antifreeze.

How Are Kidney Problems in Cats Diagnosed?

There are various ways to determine if a cat has kidney disease. Your veterinarian will perform a physical examination and take blood and urine samples to see if there is a problem with your pet's kidneys. Radiographs, ultrasound, blood pressure measurement or biopsy of the kidney may also be performed.