Picture: A human skeleton highlights the pancreas showing a cancer cell attacking the pancreas resulting in pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic Cancer

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Pancreatic cancer facts

  • Most pancreatic cancers are adenocarcinomas.


  • Few patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer have identifiable risk factors.


  • Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal.


  • Pancreatic cancer is difficult to diagnose, and the diagnosis is often made late in the disease course. Symptoms include weight loss, back pain, and jaundice.


  • The only curable treatment is surgical removal of all cancer.


  • Chemotherapy after surgery can lower the chances of the cancer returning.


  • Chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer can extend life and improve the quality of life for people with the disease.


  • Patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer are encouraged to seek out clinical trials to improve pancreatic cancer treatment.


  • Many organizations exist to help provide information and support for patients and families fighting pancreatic cancer.

What is the pancreas, and what is the function of the pancreas?

The pancreas is an organ in the abdomen that sits in front of the spine above the level of the belly button. It performs two main functions: first, it makes insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, and second: it makes enzymes, which help break down proteins. Enzymes help digestion by chopping proteins into smaller parts so that they can be more easily absorbed by the body and used for energy. Enzymes leave the pancreas via a system of tubes called "ducts" that connect the pancreas to the intestines. The pancreas sits deep in the belly and is in close proximity to many important structures such as the small intestine (the duodenum) and the bile ducts, as well as important blood vessels and nerves.


Pancreas (Pancreatic Cancer)
Picture of pancreas in an article on pancreatic cancer
Cancer that starts in the pancreas is called pancreatic cancer. This picture of the pancreas shows its location in the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach.


Patient Comments

Viewers share their comments

Pancreatic Cancer - Effective Treatments Question: What kinds of treatments have been effective for your pancreatic cancer?
Pancreatic Cancer - Causes Question: What do you suspect are the causes of your pancreatic cancer?
Pancreatic Cancer - Symptoms Question: What were the symptoms associated with pancreatic cancer in you, a friend, or relative?
Pancreatic Cancer - Prognosis Question: What is the prognosis for your pancreatic cancer? How are you dealing with it?
Since early pancreatic cancer often doesn't cause symptoms, it's sometimes called the silent disease.

Pancreatic Cancer, the Silent Disease

A MedicineNet doctor-editor's perspective on his own struggle with pancreatic cancer

Medical Author: Dennis Lee, MD
Medical Editor: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD

I was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer on May 25 of this year. On a routine yearly blood test, I was found to have slightly elevated blood levels of liver enzymes (my alkaline phosphatase, ALT, and ASTwere mildly elevated). Since I had no symptoms of abdominal painor weight loss, both my doctor and I felt quite confident that these liver abnormalities were merely due to the statin that I was taking to lower cholesterol. For the sake of completeness, my doctor ordered a liver ultrasound, which showed multiple liver tumors. A subsequent CAT scan of the abdomen done that same afternoon showed an orange-sized mass in the tail of my pancreas with multiple metastases (spread of tumor) in the liver. A liver biopsyconfirmed that it was pancreatic cancer.

It was a shock

At the time of my diagnosis, I was a healthy, reasonably fit, 57-year-old newlywed working as a gastroenterologist in a thriving medical practice in South Orange County. My wife and I just bought a new home and were in the process of decorating it and putting in the landscaping.

I have no risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer. I do not drink alcohol, and do not smoke(smoking cigarettes is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer). None of my parents and relatives had pancreatic cancer. I never had diabetes mellitus(diabetes mellitus is another known risk factor). I exercisevigorously almost daily (four days per week of tennis, and one to two days of strength training). I maintained a healthy weight (obesityis also a risk factor for pancreatic cancer).

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