Orthostatic Hypotension (cont.)
How can orthostatic hypotension be prevented?
Since dehydration is the most common cause of orthostatic hypotension, it is important to minimize
the
risk by keeping adequately hydrated. This is especially important if an
individual works or
exercises in a hot environment. Fluid lost from vomiting, diarrhea, and other
illnesses that are associated with a fever should be replaced as best as
possible.
Patients taking new medications that may affect the autonomic nervous system
should be aware of the potential for orthostatic hypotension and report any
symptoms to their health care practitioner.
Orthostatic Hypotension At A Glance
- The autonomic nervous system makes changes in blood pressure and heart rate
to allow the body to provide adequate blood supply to the brain when the body
changes position.
- Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension include lightheadedness, weakness,
blurred vision, and syncope or passing out.
- Dehydration, blood loss, and anemia are the most common
reasons to develop low blood pressure when standing.
- Beta blockers, other high blood pressure medications, and medications
such as sildenafil (Viagra) may all cause orthostatic hypotension.
- Vasovagal syncope may cause symptoms of fainting when the vagus nerve is
stimulated by a noxious stimulus, either physical (pain) or emotional.
- Diagnosis is often made by history and physical examination. Injury from
falling is the main complication of this entity.
- Maintaining adequate hydration is the best way to prevent orthostatic
hypotension.
Last Editorial Review: 6/11/2009
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