Orthostatic Hypotension (cont.)
What are the risk factors for orthostatic hypotension?
Orthostatic hypotension most often occurs in the elderly. "Hardening of the
arteries" or atherosclerosis
that develops as we age makes it more difficult for blood vessels to adapt
quickly when necessary. As well, many of the diseases that are
associated with orthostatic hypotension are progressive,
with symptoms worsening with age.
Pregnancy is associated with orthostatic hypotension. As the pregnancy
progresses, the volume of the circulatory system expands and blood pressure
tends to fall. This may lead to lightheadedness when standing quickly. Blood
pressure levels return to normal after delivery.
Excessive sweating due to physical exertion and exposure to heat are risk
factors and potential causees of dehydration and symptoms of orthostatic
hypotension. Patients who have other risk factors to develop orthostatic
hypotension have an increased risk if they become even mildly dehydrated.
Chronic alcohol use and drug abuse are also risk factors for developing
symptoms of orthostatic hypotension.
What are the symptoms of orthostatic hypotension?
When the brain does not get enough blood supply, it begins to shut down.
Symptoms include:
- lightheadedness,
- confusion,
- nausea, and
- fainting or passing
out.
There may also be weakness, blurred vision, and shaking or tremulousness.
These symptoms may resolve quickly as the body slowly adjusts to the standing
position, but in some cases the patient has to sit or lie down quickly to
prevent passing out or falling.
Next: When should I call the doctor for orthostatic hypotension? »
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