Nasal Allergy Medications (cont.)
When should I use topical decongestants?
The best use for topical decongestants, the nose drops
and sprays, is for the quick, temporary relief of nasal
stuffiness due to either allergic or non-allergic causes.
They are helpful for relieving congestion in the Eustachian
tubes, which equalize pressure between the inner ear and the
nasopharynx. Decongestants are frequently used, therefore, before air
flights to prevent
ear symptoms during flight. In this regard, they may also be
useful in treating ear infections. It is important, however, not to
use these topical agents for longer than 3 to 5 days, since this
may cause rebound congestion. Also, be careful to follow
the daily use instructions - some decongestants need to be
taken only twice a day while others may need to be used 3
to 4 times a day.
Allergy Fact
Nasal decongestants are effective in opening the
entrances to the sinus cavities. This is particularly
helpful in treating sinusitis and relieving sinus
pressure.
The oral form of decongestants is the preferred choice
for most cases of nasal congestion, particularly when you
expect to use them for more than 3 to 5 days. They can
also be taken for Eustachian tube blockage, infected ears,
and sinusitis. Oral decongestants rarely cause rebound
nasal congestion even if taken for long periods.
What are side effects of decongestants?
Topical sprays sometimes cause burning or dryness in the
nose. The most well known side effect of topical
decongestants is rebound nasal congestion. The longer you
use the spray, the less effective it becomes and the more
you find you need to use it in order to obtain the desired
effect (virtually an addictive quality if used
excessively). After prolonged use, the spray begins to
cause more congestion than it relieves. The only way to
break this cycle is to stop the medication. If the cycle
is not broken, permanent changes can occur on the nasal
membranes, which lead to a condition known as rhinitis
medicamentosa. Rhinitis medicamentosa refers to an
inflammation in the nose that is caused by the use of
medications. Symptoms include severe stuffiness, burning,
bleeding, and dryness of the nose.
Side effects from oral decongestants are more common and
potentially more dangerous. They can stimulate the nervous
system causing palpitations, insomnia, nervousness, and
irritability. Some people may have trouble with urination
and a decreased appetite. Although frequently mentioned,
high blood pressure is not commonly caused or worsened by
these drugs. If you have any concerns regarding the side
effects of these drugs, discuss them with your doctor.
Next: What about combination antihistamine/decongestant preparations? »
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