Since the first generation antihistamines can penetrate
the brain tissue, they generally cause more side effects
than the second generation drugs, which usually cannot
enter the central nervous system. Drowsiness is the most
noticeable side effect, but this is sometimes desirable.
For example, it may be useful when nighttime symptoms prevent restful
sleep. During the day, however, this effect can cause
problems.
Allergy Alert
Be cautious about driving a car or operating a machine
when using OTC antihistamines. Do not take any
tranquilizers or drink alcohol along with these drugs. The
combination may promote more drowsiness. Also, check with
your doctor before taking an antihistamine if you have
glaucoma or thyroid, heart, or prostate
problems.
The first
generation antihistamines may also cause troublesome anticholinergic effects
such as heart palpitations, difficulty urinating, constipation, dry
mouth, and nervousness. These side effects usually occur
when the medication is taken at higher than recommended
doses.
The second generation of antihistamines currently on the
market has few, if any, significant side effects at the
recommended doses.
Allergy Assist
Antihistamines may be used for nasal symptoms in patients with
asthma. It was previously thought that these drugs would dry up the
airways in the patient's bronchial tubes and aggravate the
asthma. However, there is no good evidence supporting
this notion. Additionally, as you will learn, improving
nasal symptoms may benefit patients with
asthma.
Allergic rhinitis symptoms include an itchy, runny nose, sneezing, itchy ears, eyes, and throat. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (also called hay fever) is usually caused by pollen in the air. Perennial allergic rhinitis is a type of chronic rhinitis and is a year–round problem, often caused by indoor allergens, such as dust, animal dander, and pollens that may exist at the time. Treatment of chronic rhinitis and post nasal drip are dependant upon the type of rhinitis condition.
An allergy refers to a misguided reaction by our immune system in response to bodily contact with certain foreign substances. When these allergens come in contact with the body, it causes the immune system to develop an allergic reaction in people who are allergic to it. It is estimated that 50 million North Americans are affected by allergic conditions. The parts of the body that are prone to react to allergies include the eyes, nose, lungs, skin, and stomach. Common allergic disorders include hay fever, asthma, allergic eyes, allergic eczema, hives, and allergic shock.
Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is an irritation of the nose caused by pollen and is associated with the following allergic symptoms: nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, eye and nose itching, and tearing eyes. Avoidance of known allergens is the recommended treatment, but if this is not possible, antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal sprays may help alleviate symptoms.
Common sources of indoor allergens include dust mites, cockroaches, molds, pets, and plants. Managing allergies caused by indoor allergens means reducing your exposure to them.
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