Muscle Cramps (cont.)
Are there particular concerns for older adults?
Older adults should have periodic magnesium blood levels taken if
they use supplemental magnesium. Even a mild and otherwise not
apparent degree of kidney dysfunction, which is often seen in this
age group, may lead to toxic levels of magnesium with modest doses.
Recent studies have indicated that vitamin D (a vitamin required
for the normal absorption of calcium from food) deficiency
is common in some elderly individuals. Consequently, vitamin D
replacement is
important for these people, taking appropriate care to avoid
excessive vitamin D levels, as these are toxic. An intake of 800
units of vitamin D daily is likely to be fully adequate; at least 400
units daily is generally recommended.
While the more potent diuretics are associated with an increased loss
of calcium and magnesium, hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) and
related diuretics are associated with calcium and magnesium
retention. Diuretics are commonly used for the treatment of
hypertension and heart failure. If cramps (or osteoporosis) are also
a problem, the patient and doctor may consider using
hydrochlorothiazide or another thiazide type of diuretic if otherwise
feasible and appropriate.
Diuretics also cause sodium depletion and most also cause potassium
depletion. Many patients who use diuretics are also on sodium
restricted diets. Careful attention to the effects of diuretics on
sodium and potassium, and replacement of these elements as needed, is
always appropriate, even more so if cramps are a problem.
Older adults often do not hydrate themselves adequately, partly
because the sense of thirst diminishes with age. This situation is
exaggerated in those who are treated with diuretics. For some,
simply increasing fluid intake to the generally recommended six to
eight glasses a day will improve the cramps. However, drinks with
caffeine should not be counted since they act on the kidneys to
increase fluid loss. Individuals who are on restricted fluid intake
should consult their doctor on this issue and must not ignore their
recommended fluid intake limits.
As for night cramps, the exact cause is often difficult to determine. The best prevention involves stretching regularly, adequate fluid intake, appropriate calcium and vitamin D intake, supplemental vitamin E, and possibly—with physician consultation—supplemental magnesium intake.
- alprazolam, Xanax, Xanax XR, Niravam - Learn more about Alprazolam (Xanax), including a description, generic and brand names, drug class and mechanism, preparations, storage, reasons for prescription, dosing, drug interactions, effect on pregnancy and nursing mothers, and common side effects.
- Electrolytes - Read about blood electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicorbonate) and the effects of electrolyte imbalances like kidney failure, low blood pressure, hypokalemia, and hyperkalemia.
- Dehydration - Read about dehydration (definition: excessive water loss) in children, treatment, symptoms (thirst, dry mouth, dark urine) and causes (vomiting, diarrhea).
Latest Medical News
Exercise & Fitness RSS