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In this Article

• What is multiple myeloma?
• What are multiple myeloma causes and risk factors?
• What are multiple myeloma symptoms and signs?
• How is multiple myeloma diagnosed?
• What are multiple myeloma stages?
• What is the treatment for multiple myeloma?
• What are methods of treatment for multiple myeloma?
• What supportive care can patients with multiple myeloma require?
• What happens after treatment for multiple myeloma?
• What support is available for cancer patients?
• What other resources are available to multiple myeloma patients?
• Multiple Myeloma At A Glance
• Patient Comments: Multiple Myeloma - Symptoms
• Patient Comments: Multiple Myeloma - Prognosis
• Patient Comments: Multiple Myeloma - Diagnosis
• Find a local Oncologist in your town
• Multiple Myeloma Index

No one knows the exact causes of multiple myeloma. Doctors seldom know why one person develops this disease and another doesn't. However, we do know that multiple myeloma isn't contagious. You cannot catch it from another person.

Research has shown that certain risk factors increase the chance that a person will develop this disease. Studies have found the following risk factors for multiple myeloma:

• Age over 65: Growing older increases the chance of developing multiple myeloma. Most people with myeloma are diagnosed after age 65. This disease is rare in people younger than 35.



• Race: The risk of multiple myeloma is highest among African Americans and lowest among Asian Americans. The reason for the difference between racial groups is not known.



• Being a man: Each year in the United States, about 11,200 men and 8,700 women are diagnosed with multiple myeloma. It is not known why more men are diagnosed with the disease.



• Personal history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS): MGUS is a benign condition in which abnormal plasma cells make M proteins. Usually, there are no symptoms, and the abnormal level of M protein is found with a blood test. Sometimes, people with MGUS develop certain cancers, such as multiple myeloma. There is no treatment, but people with MGUS get regular lab tests (every 1 or 2 years) to check for a further increase in the level of M protein. They also get regular exams to check for the development of symptoms.



• Family history of multiple myeloma: Studies have found that a person's risk of multiple myeloma may be higher if a close relative had the disease.

Many other suspected risk factors are under study. Researchers have studied whether being exposed to certain chemicals or germs (especially viruses), having alterations in certain genes, eating certain foods, or being obese increases the risk of developing multiple myeloma. Researchers continue to study these and other possible risk factors.

Having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will develop myeloma. Most people who have risk factors never develop cancer.