Menstrual Cramps (cont.)
Can menstrual cramps be measured?
Yes. Menstrual cramps can be scientifically demonstrated by
measuring the pressure within the uterus and the number and frequency
of uterine contractions. During a normal menstrual period, the average woman has contractions of a low pressure (50-80 mm Hg), which last 15-30 seconds at a frequency of 1-4 contractions every 10 minutes. When a woman has menstrual cramps, her contractions are of a higher pressure (they may exceed 400 mm Hg), last longer than 90 seconds, and often occur less than 15 seconds apart.
What other factors influence menstrual cramps?
As mentioned above, an unusually narrow cervical canal tends to increase menstrual cramps. Another anatomical factor thought to contribute to menstrual cramps is a backwards tilting of the uterus (a retroverted uterus).
Lack of exercise is now recognized to contribute to painful menstrual cramps.
It has long been thought that psychological factors also play a
role. For example, it is widely accepted that
emotional stress can increase the discomfort of menstrual cramps.
What are the symptoms of menstrual cramps?
Menstrual cramps are pains that begin in the lower abdomen and pelvis. The discomfort can extend to the lower back or legs. The cramps can be a quite painful or simply a dull ache. They can be periodic or continual.
Menstrual cramps usually start shortly before the menstrual period, peak within 24 hours after the onset of the pains, and subside again after a day or two.
Menstrual cramps may be accompanied by a headache and/or
nausea, which can lead, although infrequently, to the point of
vomiting. Menstrual cramps can also be accompanied by either constipation or diarrhea because the prostaglandins which cause smooth muscles to contract are found in both the uterus and intestinal tract. Some women experience an urge to urinate more frequently.
Next: How are menstrual cramps diagnosed? »
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