Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology.
Dr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology.
During LAVH, several small incisions (cuts) are made in the
abdominal wall through which slender metal tubes known as "trocars"
are inserted to provide passage for a laparoscope and other
microsurgical tools. The laparoscope acts as a tiny telescope. A
camera attached to it provides a continuous image that is magnified
and projected onto a television screen for viewing.
In the course of LAVH, the uterus is detached from the ligaments
that attach it to other structures in the pelvis using the
laparoscopic tools. If the Fallopian tubes and ovaries are to be
removed, they are also detached from their ligaments and blood
supply. The organs and tissue are then removed through an incision
made in the vagina.
What are the disadvantages of LAVH?
LAVH can be a longer operation and more expensive than a vaginal
hysterectomy and, under certain circumstances, it can be more
dangerous.
What are the advantages of LAVH?
The incisions in an LAVH are relatively small. The scars, pain,
and recovery time from LAVH are usually significantly less than with
an abdominal hysterectomy, which requires both a vaginal incision and
a 4-6 inch (10-15 cm) long incision in the abdomen). LAVH is
similarly less physically traumatic than a routine vaginal
hysterectomy. When LAVH is feasible, it has distinct advantages.
Endometriosis is the growth of cells similar to those that form the inside of the uterus, but in a location outside of the uterus. Endometriosis implants are most commonly found on the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, outer surfaces of the uterus or intestines, and on the surface lining of the pelvic cavity. They can also be found in the vagina, cervix, and bladder. Treatment of endometriosis can be with medication or surgery.
Though uterine cancer's cause is unknown, there are many factors that will put a woman at risk, including: over age 50, endometrial hyperplasia, using hormone replacement therapy, obesity, using tamoxifen, being Caucasian, having colorectal cancer. Symptoms of cancer of the uterus (endometrial cancer) include abnormal vaginal bleeding, painful urination, painful intercourse, and pelvic pain. Treatment depends on staging and may include radiation therapy or hormone therapy.
Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that originate in the uterus and are usually round or semi-round in shape. The most common symptom of a uterine fibroid is abnormal vaginal bleeding. Other symptoms include pressure, pelvic pain, pressure on the bladder, or pain during a bowel movement. Treatment options vary from surgery to medication.
Normal vaginal bleeding (menorrhea) occurs through the process of menstruation. Abnormal vaginal bleeding in women who are ovulating regularly most commonly involves excessive, frequent, irregular, or decreased bleeding. Causes of abnormal may arise from a variety of conditions.
Benign uterine growths are tissue enlargements of the female womb (uterus). Three types of benign uterine growths are uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, and uterine polyps. Symptoms include: abdominal pressure, pelvic pain, and pain during intercourse. Diagnosis and treatment of benign uterine growths depends upon the type of growth.
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