In this Article

• What are the kidneys?
• What is cancer?
• What are kidney cancer causes and risk factor?
• What are kidney cancer symptoms and signs?
• How is kidney cancer diagnosed?
• How is kidney cancer staging determined?
• Methods of kidney cancer treatment
• What are the side effects of treatment for kidney cancer?
• What happens after treatment for kidney cancer?
• What does the future hold in the field of kidney cancer?
• What resources are there for patients with kidney cancer?
• Kidney Cancer At A Glance
• Patient Comments: Kidney Cancer - Prognosis
• Patient Comments: Kidney Cancer - Treatment
• Patient Comments: Kidney Cancer - Symptoms
• Patient Comments: Kidney Cancer - Diagnosis
• Find a local Oncologist in your town
• Kidney Cancer Index

Doctors all over the country are conducting many types of clinical trials. These are research studies in which people volunteer to take part. In clinical trials, doctors are testing new ways to treat kidney cancer. Research has already led to advances, and researchers continue to search for more effective approaches.

Patients who join these studies have the first chance to benefit from treatments that have shown promise in earlier research. They also make an important contribution to medical science by helping doctors learn more about the disease. Although clinical trials may pose some risks, researchers do all they can to protect their patients.

Researchers are studying surgery, biological therapy, chemotherapy, and combinations of these types of treatment. They also are combining chemotherapy with new treatments, like stem cell transplantation. A stem cell transplant allows a patient to be treated with high doses of drugs. The high doses destroy both cancer cells and normal blood cells in the bone marrow. Later, the patient receives healthy stem cells from a donor. New blood cells develop from the transplanted stem cells.

Other approaches also are under study. For example, researchers are studying cancer vaccines that help the immune system to find and attack kidney cancer cells.

Patients who are interested in being part of a clinical trial should talk with their doctor.

You may want more information for yourself, your family, and your doctor. The NCI offers comprehensive research-based information for patients and their families, health professionals, cancer researchers, advocates, and the public.

• Call the NCI Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)



• Visit us at http://www.cancer.gov or http://www.cancer.gov/espanol



• Chat using LiveHelp, NCI's instant messaging service, at http://www.cancer.gov/livehelp



• E-mail us at cancergovstaff@mail.nih.gov



• Order publications at http://www.cancer.gov/publications or by calling 1-800-4-CANCER



• Get help with quitting smoking at 1-877-44U-QUIT (1-877-448-7848)

• The cause of kidney cancer is not known, however, risk factors have been identified.
• Childhood kidney cancer is different from the adult kidney cancer.
• The most common symptom of kidney cancer is blood in the urine.
• The diagnosis of kidney cancer is supported by findings of the medical history and examination, blood, urine, and x-ray tests, and confirmed with a biopsy.
• Treatment of kidney cancer depends on the location and size of the tumor, as well as the age and health of the patient.
• Kidney cancer is treated with surgery, embolization, radiation therapy, biological therapy, or chemotherapy.

SOURCE: U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, www.cancer.gov