IUD (cont.)
What are the types of intrauterine devices (IUDs)?
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) come in two different types:
- The TCu380A (Paragard) is a copper-containing IUD. It releases copper from
a copper wire that is wrapped around the base. The released copper contributes
to an inflammatory reaction in the uterus that helps prevent fertilization of
the egg. It is approved to remain in place for up to 10 years.
- Levonorgestrel-releasing IUD (Mirena): This form of
IUD releases a progestin hormone from the vertical part of the T. Progestin acts to thicken
cervical
mucus, creating a barrier to sperm, as well as renders the lining of
the uterus inhospitable to implantation of a pregnancy. This form of IUD is
approved for up to five years of use.
How does an intrauterine device (IUD) work?
It is not fully understood how IUDs work. They are thought to prevent
conception by causing a brief localized inflammation that begins about 24 hours
after insertion. This causes an inflammatory reaction inside the uterus that
attracts white blood cells. The white blood cells produce substances that are
toxic or poisonous to sperm. The progesterone-releasing IUDs also cause a subtle
change in the endometrial environment that impairs the implantation of the egg
in the uterine wall. This type of IUD also alters the cervical mucus, which, in
turn, inhibits sperm from passing through the cervix.
IUDs are only available by prescription and must be properly inserted by a
health care professional. A pelvic exam is required to insert an IUD. The IUD is
usually inserted into the uterus during a woman's
menstrual period although it
can be done at any time during her monthly cycle as long as she is not pregnant.
The woman must check her IUD every month to be sure that the IUD is still in
place. Sometimes, the uterus expels (pushes out) the IUD. The spontaneous
expulsion rate has been reported to be as high as 10% during the first year of
use. Expulsions may not cause any specific symptoms and can be overlooked. In
addition to the woman checking the IUD, the device must also be checked
periodically by a health care professional.
Next: What are the advantages of an intrauterine device (IUD)? »
- Natural Methods of Birth Control - Natural methods of birth control are non-mechanical and non-hormonal. They are also considered fertility awareness methods and there are a variety of choices for natural birth control.
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Women (STDs) - Learn and become aware of common STDs in women, including descriptions, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments of each type of infection.
- Vasectomy - A vasectomy is a simple surgical procedure used as a permanent form of male birth control. The odds of pregnancy after a vasectomy are low and the side effects are few.
Latest Medical News
Sexual Health RSS