Stinging Insect Allergies
(Bee Stings, Wasp Stings, Others)
What are stinging insects?
The majority of stinging insects in the United States are from
Bees,
Yellow Jackets, Hornets, Wasps and Fire Ants. Except for fire
ants all of
these insects are found throughout the United States. Fire ants
are at
this time found only in the southeastern United States.
Who is at risk?
Over 2 million Americans are allergic to stinging insects. The
degree of
allergy varies widely. Most people are not allergic to insect
stings and
most insect stings result in only local itching and swelling.
Many,
however, will have severe allergic reactions. 50 to 150 deaths
occur each
year from these stings, and up to a million hospital visits
result form
insect stings. If you are known to be allergic to insect
stings, then the
next sting is 60% likely to be similar or worse than the
previous sting.
Since most stings occurring in the summer and fall, you are at
greatest
risk during these months.
What types of insect sting reactions occur?
Most insect sting reactions are not allergic and result in
local pain, itching,
swelling and redness at the site of the sting. Some extension
of the
swelling is expected. Local treatment is usually all that is
needed for
this type of reaction. Disinfect the area, keep clean and apply
ice. If
the swelling increases antihistamines and possibly steroids may
be needed.
Occasionally, the site will become infected and antibiotics are
needed.
Large local non allergic reactions (occurring 10% of the time)
are often
alarming and can persist for days. This is usually not a cause
for concern
and are best treated as above.
The most serious reaction is the allergic reaction. The
allergic
reaction to insect sting varies from person to person. The most
serious is
called anaphylaxis and as indicated above can be fatal. Severe
reactions
are suspected if a person experiences hives and intense itching at sites
other than the sting site. Difficulty breathing, swallowing, hoarseness,
swelling of the tongue, dizziness and fainting are signs of a
severe
allergic reaction. These types of reactions usually occur
within minutes
of the sting, but have been known to be delayed for up to 24
hours. Prompt
treatment is essential and emergency help is often needed.
Next: How is a severe allergic reaction immediately treated? »
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