1. Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) Slideshow Pictures
2. Infectious Mononucleosis Medical Pictures Image Collection
3. Take the Quiz - Is it Contagious?

Medical Author:

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD

Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology.

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Medical Editor:

William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR

William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR

Dr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology.

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In this Article

• Infectious mononucleosis (mono) facts
• What is infectious mononucleosis?
• What is the cause of mono?
• What are risk factors for mono?
• How is mono transmitted or spread?
• What are the symptoms of mono?
• What are the signs of mono?
• How is mono diagnosed?
• What is the usual course and treatment of mono?
• What are the complications of mono?
• How can mono be prevented?
• Conclusion
• Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) - Slideshow
• Pictures of Infectious Mononucleosis - Image Collection
• Take the Quiz - Is it Contagious?
• Patient Comments: Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) - Symptoms
• Patient Comments: Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) - Treatments
• Infectious Mononucleosis Index

Mono is spread by person-to-person contact. Saliva is the primary method of transmitting mono, which leads to the infection of B lymphocytes in the mouth and throat. Infectious mononucleosis developed its common name of "kissing disease" from this prevalent form of transmission among teenagers. It typically takes between four to eight weeks for symptoms of mono to appear after the initial infection with EBV. A person with mono can also pass the disease by coughing or sneezing, causing small droplets of infected saliva and/or mucus to be suspended in the air which can be inhaled by others. Sharing food or beverages from the same container or utensil can also transfer the virus from one person to another since contact with infected saliva may result.

Most people have been exposed to the virus as children, and as a result of the exposure, they have developed immunity to the virus. It is of note that most people who are exposed to the EBV don't ever develop mononucleosis. The incubation period for mono, meaning the time from the initial viral infection until the appearance of symptoms, is between four and eight weeks. During an infection, a person is likely able to transmit the virus to others for at least a few weeks and possibly longer, even after symptoms have disappeared (see below).

Research has shown that, depending on the method used to detect the virus, anywhere from 20%-80% of people who have had mononucleosis and have recovered will continue to secrete the EBV in their saliva for years due to periodic "reactivations" of the viral infection. Since healthy people without symptoms also secrete the virus during reactivation episodes throughout their lifetime, isolation of people infected with EBV is not necessary. It is currently believed that these healthy people, who nevertheless secrete EBV particles, are the primary reservoir for transmission of EBV among humans.