GENERIC NAME: hydroxychloroquine

BRAND NAME: Plaquenil

DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Hydroxychloroquine is classified as an antimalarial medication. It is useful in treating several forms of malaria as well as rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Its mechanism of action in the rheumatic illnesses is not understood.

PRESCRIPTION: yes

GENERIC AVAILABLE: yes

PREPARATIONS: Tablet: 200mg.

STORAGE: Store at room temperature, sealed container, avoid moisture.

PRESCRIBED FOR: Hydroxychloroquine is used for several forms of malaria attacks. It is also useful in treating patients with the local skin (discoid) and systemic forms of lupus erythematosus. In those with systemic disease, it has been found to particularly relieve skin inflammation, hair loss, mouth sores, fatigue, and joint pains. It has also been found helpful in preventing relapses of active disease. Hydroxychloroquine is also useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis.

DOSING: Should be taken with food or milk.

DRUG INTERACTIONS: All patients who take long-term hydroxychloroquine require regular special eye examinations to monitor for signs of a rare, but potentially serious eye toxicity. The toxicity can affect the back of the eye, called the retina, and can lead to visual disturbances, color blindness, and even loss of vision. The eye doctor can often detect changes that suggest toxicity before serious damage occurs, so regular eye checks, even when feeling normal, are mandatory. Patients who are genetically deficient in a certain enzyme, called G6PD, can develop a severe anemia resulting from the rupture of red blood cells. This enzyme deficiency is more common in persons of African descent, and can be measured by blood testing.

SIDE EFFECTS: Side effects when treating patients with lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis are not common. The most serious reaction can involve the eyes, as described above. Other reported reactions include irritability, headache, weakness, hair bleaching or loss, nausea, and itching. Rarely, hydroxychloroquine can affect the bone marrow. In patients being treated for malaria, temporary headache, dizziness, and stomach upset can occur.

Last Editorial Review: 12/31/1997

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