Herpes Simplex Infections (Non-Genital) (cont.)
What are the possible complications?
Herpes can be spread from one area to another, which is called "autoinoculation." For example, touching a cold sore on the lip can cause herpes of the finger (herpetic whitlow). Autoinoculation occurs most commonly at the time of primary infection, when viral shedding is high and the immune system is still gearing up to contain it. The antibodies that are made after primary infection are usually—but not always—successful in preventing autoinoculation during recurrent attacks.
A more serious complication is ocular herpes, which is characterized by lesions and severe pain around the eye. Ocular herpes is also caused by autoinoculation. If not treated, ocular herpes can lead to serious damage or even blindness.
Rarely, herpes simplex may infect the brain, causing encephalitis. This infection requires hospitalization and intravenous antiviral medications.
In immunocompromised people, such as those receiving chemotherapy, severe outbreaks of herpes may occur. Colds sores may spread to large parts of the lower face or invade organs. Antiviral therapy is used to prevent or lessen such attacks.
In a few people, outbreaks of herpes will be associated with erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum is a nonspecific skin reaction characterized by red and painful skin lumps that usually appear on the front side of the legs. This condition can be caused by many inflammatory and infectious diseases including herpes virus infections. Erythema nodosum can be self-limited and resolve on its own in
three to six weeks. Treatment of the herpes episode usually hastens the resolution of erythema nodosum.
What other conditions can look like oral herpes (cold sores)?
There are many conditions that can be confused with herpes, including abrasions, razor burns, pimples, angular stomatitis, and canker sores (aphthous ulcers).
Next: What is angular stomatitis? »
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