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The Cleveland Clinic

Esophagitis

Esophagitis is an inflammation of the lining of the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. If left untreated, this condition can become very uncomfortable, causing problems with swallowing, ulcers, and scarring of the esophagus. In rare instances, a condition known as "Barrett's esophagus" may develop, which is a risk factor for esophageal cancer.

What Causes Esophagitis?

Esophagitis is caused by an infection or irritation in the esophagus. An infection can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or diseases that weaken the immune system. Infections that cause esophagitis include:

  • Candida. This is a yeast infection of the esophagus caused by the same fungus that causes vaginal yeast infections. The infection develops in the esophagus when the body's immune system is weak (such as in people with diabetes or HIV). It is usually very treatable with antifungal drugs.
  • Herpes. Like Candida, this viral infection can develop in the esophagus when the body's immune system is weak. It is treatable with antiviral drugs.

Irritation causing esophagitis may be caused by any of the following:

  • GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • Vomiting
  • Surgery
  • Medications such as aspirin and other anti-inflammatory drugs
  • Taking a large pill with too little water or just before bedtime
  • Swallowing a toxic substance
  • Hernias
  • Radiation injury (after receiving radiation for cancer treatment)

What Are the Symptoms of Esophagitis?

Symptoms of esophagitis include:

  • Difficult and/or painful swallowing
  • Heartburn
  • Mouth sores
  • A feeling of something of being stuck in the throat
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting

If you have any of these symptoms, you should contact your health care provider as soon as possible.



Next: How Is Esophagitis Diagnosed? »

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Esophagitis

What is Barrett's esophagus?

Barrett's esophagus is a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), primarily in white men. GERD is a disease in which there is reflux of acidic fluid from the stomach into the esophagus (the swallowing tube). It most commonly causes heartburn.

There are two requirements for the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus. The requirements necessitate an endoscopy of the esophagus. During endoscopy, a long flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip (an endoscope) is inserted through the mouth and into the esophagus to view and biopsy (sample tissue from) the lining of the esophagus. The two requirements are:

  1. At endoscopy, an abnormal pink lining should be seen as replacing the normal whitish lining of the esophagus. This abnormal lining extends a short distance (usually less than 2.5 inches) up the esophagus from the gastroesophageal junction (the GE junction, which is where the e...

Read the Barrett's Esophagus article »











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