Related Diseases - Endoscopy Gastrointestinal Digestion & Digestive Disorder Exam on MedicineNet.com

Endoscopy Related Diseases & Conditions

Medical tests and procedures are used to diagnose and treat a wide variety of conditions. Our doctors have compiled a list of ailments related to the topic of Endoscopy that may be used to diagnose or monitor the status of the diseases and conditions listed below.

Abdominal Pain Abdominal pain is pain in the belly and can be acute or chronic. Causes include inflammation, distention of an organ, and loss of...learn more »
In This Article
Abdominal Pain Article
- Abdominal pain facts
- What is abdominal pain?
- What causes abdominal pain?
- How is the cause of abdominal pain diagnosed?
- Characteristics, symptoms, and signs of the abdominal pain
- Associated signs and symptoms of abdominal pain
- Physical examination
- Exams and tests
- Special problem in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) of diagnosing the cause of abdominal pain
- Why can diagnosis of the cause of abdominal pain be difficult?
- How can I help my doctor to determine the cause of my abdominal pain?
Anemia Anemia is the condition of having less than the normal number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin...learn more »
In This Article
Anemia Article
- Anemia facts*
- What is anemia?
- What causes anemia?
- Can inadequate iron cause anemia?
- What about acute (sudden) blood loss as a cause of anemia?
- What are other causes of anemia?
- Can anemia be hereditary?
- What are the symptoms of anemia?
- How is anemia diagnosed?
- What is a complete blood cell (CBC) count?
- How is blood collected for a complete blood cell (CBC)?
- What is the red blood cell (RBC) count?
- What is hemoglobin?
- What does a low hemoglobin level mean?
- What is the hematocrit?
- How is hematocrit determined?
- How is anemia treated?
- What are the complications of anemia?
- What is the outlook (prognosis) for anemia?
Rectal Bleeding (Blood in Stool, Hematochezia) Rectal bleeding (hematochezia) refers to the passage of bright red blood from the anus. Rectal bleeding may be moderate to severe...learn more »
In This Article
Rectal Bleeding (Blood in Stool, Hematochezia) Article
- Rectal bleeding (blood in stool) facts
- What does rectal bleeding (blood in stool) mean?
- What are the causes of blood in the stool (rectal bleeding)?
- What diseases and conditions can cause blood in the stool (rectal bleeding)?
- Anal fissure
- Hemorrhoids
- Diverticulosis
- Colon cancer and polyps
- Polypectomy
- Angiodysplasias
- Colitis and proctitis
- Meckel's diverticulum
- Rare causes of rectal bleeding
- How is the cause and site of rectal bleeding determined?
- History and physical examination
- Anoscopy
- Flexible sigmoidoscopy
- Colonoscopy
- Radionuclide scans
- Visceral angiogram
- Video capsule and small intestine enteroscopy
- MRI and CT tomographic angiography
- Nasogastric tube aspiration
- Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
- Blood tests
- How is rectal bleeding treated?
Hiatal Hernia A hiatal hernia is an anatomical abnormality in which part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm and up into the chest....learn more »
In This Article
Hiatal Hernia Article
- What is a hiatal hernia?
- What causes a hiatal hernia?
- Are there different types of hiatal hernias?
- What are the symptoms of hiatal hernia?
- How does a hiatal hernia cause GERD?
- How is a hiatal hernia diagnosed?
- How is a hiatal hernia treated?
- Hiatal Hernia At A Glance
Crohn's Disease Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease, primarily involving the small and large intestine, but which can affect...learn more »
In This Article
Crohn's Disease Article
- Crohn's disease facts
- What is Crohn's disease?
- What causes Crohn's disease?
- How does Crohn's disease affect the intestines?
- How is Crohn's disease different from ulcerative colitis?
- What are the symptoms of Crohn's disease?
- What are the complications of Crohn's disease?
- How is Crohn's disease diagnosed?
- How is Crohn's disease treated?
- Crohn's Disease Medications
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- 5-ASA (mesalamine) oral medications
- 5-ASA rectal medications (Rowasa, Canasa)
- Corticosteroids
- Budesonide (Entocort EC)
- Antibiotics
- Immuno-modulator medications
- Azathioprine (Imuran) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP, Purinethol)
- Infliximab (Remicade)
- Adalimumab (Humira)
- Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia)
- Natalizumab (Tysabri)
- Methotrexate
- Surgery in Crohn's disease
- Are there any recommendations for diet and supplementation for Crohn's disease?
- Conclusions
Thrush Thrush is an infection of the mouth caused by the candida fungus. Symptoms of Thrush include pain or difficulty swallowing, a...learn more »
In This Article
Thrush Article
- Thrush facts
- What is thrush?
- What causes thrush?
- What are risk factors for thrush?
- What are thrush symptoms and signs?
- How is thrush diagnosed?
- What is the treatment for thrush?
- Are there home remedies for thrush?
- What is the prognosis of thrush?
- Can thrush be prevented?
Internal Bleeding Internal bleeding occurs when an artery or vein is damaged and blood to escapes the circulatory system and collects inside the...learn more »
In This Article
Internal Bleeding Article
- What is internal bleeding?
- What causes internal bleeding?
- What are the signs and symptoms of internal bleeding?
- How is internal bleeding diagnosed?
- How is internal bleeding treated?
- What are the complications of internal bleeding?
- Internal Bleeding At A Glance
Helicobacter Pylori (H pylori) Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that causes chronic inflammation (gastritis) of the inner lining of the stomach in...learn more »
In This Article
Helicobacter Pylori (H pylori) Article
- What is Helicobacter pylori?
- What does H. pylori cause in humans?
- What are the symptoms of H. pylori infections?
- Is H. pylori contagious?
- How is H. pylori infection diagnosed?
- Why treat H. pylori?
- What is the treatment for H. pylori?
- Who should receive treatment for H. pylori?
- Can H. pylori infections be prevented?
- What is the prognosis for H. pylori infections?
Stomach Cancer Though the cause of stomach cancer is unknown, risk factors for stomach cancer include diet, H. pylori infection, smoking age,...learn more »
In This Article
Stomach Cancer Article
- What is the stomach?
- What is cancer, and how does stomach cancer spread?
- What are risk factors and causes of stomach cancer?
- What are symptoms of stomach cancer?
- How is stomach cancer diagnosed?
- How is staging determined?
- What is the treatment for stomach cancer?
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- How do I go about getting a second opinion?
- What are some of the nutritional concerns of stomach cancer patients?
- What are treatment options for cancer that blocks the digestive tract?
- What follow-up care is necessary for stomach cancer patients? What about complementary and alternative medicine?
- What support is there for cancer patients?
- How can I take part in clinical trials for stomach cancer?
- Stomach Cancer At A Glance
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) is a condition in which the acidified liquid contents of the stomach backs up into the...learn more »
In This Article
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Article
- GERD facts
- What is GERD (acid reflux)?
- What causes GERD?
- What are the symptoms of uncomplicated GERD?
- What are the complications of GERD?
- How is GERD diagnosed and evaluated?
- Symptoms and procedures to diagnose GERD
- GERD tests
- How is GERD treated?
- Lifestyle changes and GERD diet
- GERD medications
- GERD surgery
- What is a reasonable approach to the management of GERD?
- What are the unresolved issues in GERD?
Esophagitis Esophagitis is caused by an infection or irritation of the esophagus. Infections that cause esophagitis include candida yeast...learn more »
In This Article
Esophagitis Article
- What is esophagitis?
- What causes esophagitis?
- What are the types of esophagitis?
- What are the symptoms of esophagitis?
- How is esophagitis diagnosed?
- How is esophagitis treated?
- What about esophagitis and diet?
- What options are there for pain relief for esophagitis?
- What are the complications of esophagitis?
- Can esophagitis be prevented?
- What is the prognosis for esophagitis?
Eosinophilic Esophagitis Eosinophilic esophagitis is an inflammation of the esophagus. Eosinophilic esophagitis has many causes including acid reflux,...learn more »
In This Article
Eosinophilic Esophagitis Article
- What is eosinophilic esophagitis?
- What are the symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis?
- How does eosinophilic esophagitis cause dysphagia?
- What are the other causes of dysphagia or solid food?
- How is eosinophilic esophagitis diagnosed?
- How is eosinophilic esophagitis treated?
- What about elimination diets for treating eosinophilic esophagitis?
- What is the future of eosinophilic esophagitis?
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis At A Glance
Celiac Disease Celiac disease is a result of an immune reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat or related grains and present in many foods...learn more »
In This Article
Celiac Disease Article
- Celiac disease facts
- What is celiac disease?
- What causes celiac disease?
- What are the signs and symptoms of celiac disease?
- How do symptoms of celiac disease differ with age of onset?
- What is latent and silent celiac disease?
- What diseases are associated with celiac disease?
- How is celiac disease diagnosed?
- What is the treatment of celiac disease?
- What if individuals don't respond to gluten free diet?
- What is refractory celiac disease?
- What is the treatment of refractory celiac disease?
- What are the complications of celiac disease?
- Can cancer risk be reduced in celiac disease?
- What's new in celiac disease?
- Information on gluten free diet
Oral Cancer The term oral cancer includes cancer of the mouth (oral cavity) and the back of the mouth (oropharynx). Red and white patches...learn more »
In This Article
Oral Cancer Article
- What is the oral cavity?
- What is cancer?
- Who's at risk for oral cancer?
- What are the symptoms of oral cancer?
- How is oral cancer diagnosed?
- How is oral cancer treated?
- Methods of treatment
- What are the side effects of treatment for oral cancer?
- What is rehabilitation for oral cancer?
- What happens after treatment for oral cancer?
- What does the future hold for patients with oral cancer?
- What resources are available to patients with oral cancer?
- Oral Cancer At A Glance
Esophageal Cancer Esophageal cancer is a disease in which malignant cells form in the esophagus. Risk factors of cancer of the esophagus include...learn more »
In This Article
Esophageal Cancer Article
- Esophageal cancer facts*
- What is the esophagus?
- What is cancer?
- What are the types of esophageal cancer?
- What are esophageal cancer causes and risk factors?
- What are esophageal cancer symptoms and signs?
- How is esophageal cancer diagnosed?
- What are the stages of esophageal cancer?
- What is the treatment for esophageal cancer?
- Surgery
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Should people get a second opinion after an esophageal cancer diagnosis?
- What are the side effects of treatment for cancer of the esophagus?
- What follow-up care is necessary during recovery?
- Where can people get support for esophageal cancer?
- How can people with esophageal cancer participate in clinical trials?
- Where can people find more information about esophageal cancer?
Gastritis Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining. Causes of gastritis include drinking too much alcohol, medications such as...learn more »
In This Article
Gastritis Article
- Gastritis facts*
- What is gastritis?
- What causes gastritis?
- What are the symptoms of gastritis?
- What are the complications of gastritis?
- How is gastritis diagnosed?
- What is the treatment for gastritis?
Anal Cancer Anal cancer, cancer located at the end of the large intestine, has symptoms that include anal or rectal bleeding, anal pain or...learn more »
In This Article
Anal Cancer Article
- What is anal cancer?
- What are the risk factors for anal cancer?
- What are the signs and symptoms of anal cancer?
- How is anal cancer diagnosed?
- What affects the prognosis?
- How is the staging of anal cancer determined?
- What is recurrent anal cancer?
- What is the treatment for anal cancer?
- How does staging affect the treatment of anal cancer?
- What are the treatment options for recurrent anal cancer?
- Where can I find more information about anal cancer?
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) is a common gastrointestinal disorder involving abnormal gut contractions (motility) characterized...learn more »
In This Article
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Article
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) facts
- What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
- What causes irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
- What are symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
- What are the complications of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
- How is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) diagnosed?
- How is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) treated?
- Constipation medications
- Diarrhea medications
- Abdominal pain medications
- Psychotropic drugs
- Psychological treatments
- IBS Diet
- Is there a relationship between IBS and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth?
- What is a reasonable approach to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
- What is in the future for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Indigestion (Dyspepsia, Upset Stomach) Dyspepsia (indigestion) is a functional disease in which the gastrointestinal organs, primarily the stomach and first part of the...learn more »
In This Article
Indigestion (Dyspepsia, Upset Stomach) Article
- What is dyspepsia (indigestion)?
- What are the symptoms of dyspepsia (indigestion)?
- What causes dyspepsia (indigestion)?
- What is the course of dyspepsia (indigestion)?
- What are the complications of dyspepsia (indigestion)?
- How is dyspepsia (indigestion) diagnosed?
- Exclusion of other diseases
- Specific tests of gastrointestinal function
- How is dyspepsia (indigestion) treated?
- What is a reasonable approach to the diagnosis and treatment of dyspepsia (indigestion)?
- What is in the future for dyspepsia (indigestion)?
- Dyspepsia (Indigestion) At A Glance
Barrett's Esophagus Barrett's esophagus occurs as a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), primarily in white males. GERD...learn more »
In This Article
Barrett's Esophagus Article
- What is Barrett's esophagus?
- Why is there so much interest in Barrett's esophagus?
- What causes Barrett's esophagus?
- Who develops Barrett's esophagus?
- What is the specific abnormality in the inner lining (epithelium) of Barrett's esophagus?
- What about the cancer that occurs in Barrett's esophagus?
- What is dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus?
- What is the risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in Barrett's?
- What are the symptoms of Barrett's esophagus?
- How is GERD with or without Barrett's esophagus treated?
- Why is it important to screen patients with GERD to diagnose Barrett's esophagus?
- Why is it critical to be accurate in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus?
- What does endoscopic biopsy surveillance in Barrett's esophagus involve?
- How is high grade dysplasia managed?
- How is low grade dysplasia managed?
- What are the experimental approaches for treatment of high grade dysplasia?
- What experimental options are there for Barrett's esophagus WITHOUT dysplasia?
- What does the future hold for Barrett's esophagus?
- Barrett's Esophagus At A Glance
Gastroparesis Gastroparesis is a medical condition in which the muscle of the stomach is paralyzed by a disease of either the stomach muscle...learn more »
In This Article
Gastroparesis Article
- Gastroparesis facts
- What is gastroparesis?
- What causes gastroparesis?
- What are gastroparesis symptoms and signs?
- How is gastroparesis diagnosed?
- How is gastroparesis treated?
- What is the prognosis (long-term outcome) for patients with gastroparesis?
- What's new in gastroparesis?
Dysphagia Dysphagia or difficulty in swallowing, swallowing problems. Dysphagia is due to problems in nerve or muscle control. It is...learn more »
In This Article
Dysphagia Article
- What is dysphagia?
- What causes dysphagia?
- Physical obstruction of the pharynx or esophagus
- Diseases of the brain
- Diseases of the smooth muscle of the esophagus
- Diseases of the skeletal muscle of the pharynx
- Miscellaneous diseases
- What are the symptoms of dysphagia?
- Swallowing related symptoms
- Non-swallowing related symptoms
- What is the differential diagnosis for dysphagia?
- How is dysphagia evaluated and the cause diagnosed?
- How is dysphagia treated?
- What is the prognosis for dysphagia?
- What does the future offer for dysphagia?
- Dysphagia At A Glance
Peptic Ulcer A peptic ulcer is an ulcer in the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus. Ulcer formation is related to Helicobacter...learn more »
In This Article
Peptic Ulcer Article
- Peptic ulcer facts
- What is a peptic ulcer?
- What causes of peptic ulcers?
- What are symptoms of peptic ulcers?
- How is a peptic ulcer diagnosed?
- What is the treatment for peptic ulcers?
- What are the complications of peptic ulcers?
- Peptic ulcer summary
Achalasia Achalasia is a disease of the esophagus that mainly affects young adults. Abnormal function of nerves and muscles of the...learn more »
In This Article
Achalasia Article
- What is achalasia?
- How does the normal esophagus function?
- How is esophageal function abnormal in achalasia?
- What causes achalasia?
- What are the symptoms of achalasia?
- What are the complications of achalasia?
- How is achalasia diagnosed?
- How is achalasia treated?
- Achalasia At A Glance
Schatzki's Ring Schatzki (Schatzki's) ring, is a narrow ring of tissue located just above the junction of the esophagus and stomach. The cause of...learn more »
In This Article
Schatzki's Ring Article
- What is a Schatzki ring?
- What are symptoms of a Schatzki Ring?
- How is a Schatzki Ring diagnosed?
- What treatment is for Schatzki Ring?
Heartburn Heartburn is a burning sensation experienced from acid reflux (GERD). Symptoms of heartburn include chest pain, burning in the...learn more »
In This Article
Heartburn Article
- Heartburn facts
- What are the symptoms of heartburn?
- What causes heartburn?
- Dietary causes of heartburn
- Lifestyle causes of heartburn
- Medical causes of heartburn
- What is the treatment for heartburn?
- Tips to alleviate heartburn symptoms
- OTC heartburn treatments
- Prescription heartburn treatments
- When is heartburn surgery necessary?
Salivary Gland Cancer Salivary gland cancer is cancer that affects the parotid glands, sublingual glands, or the submandibular glands. Risk factors...learn more »
In This Article
Salivary Gland Cancer Article
- What is salivary gland cancer?
- What increases the risk of salivary gland cancer?
- What are symptoms and signs of salivary gland cancer?
- What exams and tests are used to detect and diagnose salivary gland cancer?
- What is the prognosis for salivary gland cancer?
- What tests are done to determine if salivary gland cancer has spread?
- How does salivary gland cancer spread in the body?
- What are the stages for salivary gland cancer?
- What is the treatment for salivary gland cancer?
- How does staging affect treatment options?
Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Tumor A carcinoid tumor is a tumor that develops from enterochromaffin cells. The important characteristic of carcinoid tumors that...learn more »
In This Article
Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Tumor Article
- What is a carcinoid tumor?
- What is the carcinoid syndrome?
- How common are carcinoid tumors and carcinoid syndrome?
- What is the prognosis and natural history of carcinoid tumors?
- Where do carcinoid tumors occur?
- How are carcinoid tumors and carcinoid syndrome diagnosed?
- How are carcinoid tumors and carcinoid syndrome treated?
- Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Tumors At A Glance
Head and Neck Cancer Head and neck cancer is cancer of the oral cavity, salivary glands, paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, or lymph...learn more »
In This Article
Head and Neck Cancer Article
- What is cancer?
- What kinds of cancers are considered cancers of the head and neck?
- How common are head and neck cancers?
- What causes head and neck cancers?
- What are common symptoms of head and neck cancers?
- How are head and neck cancers diagnosed?
- What health professionals treat patients with head and neck cancers?
- How are head and neck cancers treated?
- Are clinical trials (research studies) available for patients with head and neck cancers?
- What rehabilitation or support options are available for patients with head and neck cancers?
- Is follow-up treatment necessary? What does it involve?
- What can people who have had head and neck cancer do to reduce the risk of developing a second primary (new) cancer?
Schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis (snail fever), a disease caused by parasites, causes a variety of symptoms and signs, such as cough, rash and...learn more »
In This Article
Schistosomiasis Article
- What is schistosomiasis?
- What causes schistosomiasis?
- What are the symptoms and signs of schistosomiasis?
- How is schistosomiasis diagnosed?
- What is the treatment for schistosomiasis?
- When should people with schistosomiasis seek medical care?
- What are the complications of schistosomiasis?
- Can schistosomiasis be prevented?
- What is the prognosis (outcome) for schistosomiasis?
- Schistosomiasis At A Glance
GERD and Acid Reflux in Infants and Children GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) is the upward movement of stomach content, including acid, into the esophagus and...learn more »
In This Article
GERD and Acid Reflux in Infants and Children Article
- GERD and Acid Reflux in Infants and Children Introduction
- What are the symptoms of acid reflux in infants and children?
- What causes GERD and acid reflux in infants and children?
- How is acid reflux diagnosed in infants and children?
- What are the treatments for acid reflux in infants and children?
- Medications for GERD
- Drugs to lessen gas
- Drugs to neutralize or decrease stomach acid
- Drugs to improve intestinal coordination
- Surgery for reflux in children
Reflux Laryngitis Acid backing up into the larynx (voice box), it causes reflux laryngitis. Irritation of the lining of the esophagus, larynx, and...learn more »
In This Article
Reflux Laryngitis Article
- Why does reflux laryngitis occur?
- What are the typical symptoms of reflux laryngitis?
- How are reflux laryngitis evaluated?
- What is the conservative therapy of reflux?
- What types of medications are used to treat reflux?
- What are the difficulties in diagnosing reflux laryngitis?
- Reflux Laryngitis At A Glance
Duodenal Diverticulum Duodenal diverticula (extramural or intramural), or duodenal diverticulum, is a pouch that is attached to the first part of the...learn more »
In This Article
Duodenal Diverticulum Article
- What is a duodenal diverticulum?
- What causes a duodenal diverticulum?
- What complications are caused by a duodenal diverticulum?
- How is a duodenal diverticulum diagnosed?
- How is a duodenal diverticulum treated?
- What about intramural diverticula?
The Digestive System Digestion is the complex process of turning food you eat into the energy you need to survive. The digestive process also involves...learn more »
In This Article
The Digestive System Article
- Digestion Introduction
- What is Digestion?
- Foods Journey - Stop 1: The Mouth
- Foods Journey - Stop 2: The Pharynx and Esophagus
- Foods Journey - Stop 3: The Stomach and Small Intestine
- Foods Journey - Stop 4: The Colon, Rectum and Anus
- Accessory organs in digestion
Bowel Incontinence Bowel or fecal incontinence refers to the loss of voluntary control of stool, or bowel movements. The condition can include...learn more »
In This Article
Bowel Incontinence Article
- Bowel incontinence (fecal incontinence) definition
- What causes bowel incontinence?
- What are the symptoms of bowel incontinence?
- How is bowel incontinence diagnosed?
- What is the treatment for bowel incontinence?
- What about bowel incontinence in children?
- Can bowel incontinence be prevented?
- What is the prognosis for bowel incontinence?