Encephalopathy Related Diseases & Conditions

Medical conditions are often related to other diseases and conditions. Our doctors have compiled a list of ailments related to the topic of Encephalopathy. These conditions may be a cause or symptom of Encephalopathy or be a condition for which you may be at increased risk.

  • Kidney Failure Kidney failure can occur from an acute event or a chronic condition or disease. Prerenal kidney failure is caused by blood loss,...learn more »
    In This Article
    Kidney Failure Article
    • Kidney failure facts
    • What are the kidneys?
    • What causes kidney failure?
    • What are the symptoms of kidney failure?
    • How is kidney failure diagnosed?
    • What is the treatment for kidney failure?
    • Diet
    • Medications
    • Dialysis
    • Hemodialysis
    • Peritoneal dialysis
    • Kidney transplantation
    • What is the prognosis for someone with kidney failure?
  • Low Blood Pressure Low blood pressure, also referred to as hypotension, is blood pressure that is so low that it causes symptoms or signs due to the...learn more »
    In This Article
    Low Blood Pressure Article
    • Low blood pressure facts
    • What is low blood pressure?
    • How is blood pressure generated?
    • How does the body maintain normal blood pressure?
    • Is low blood pressure bad for your health?
    • What are low blood pressure signs and symptoms?
    • What are the causes of low blood pressure?
    • How is low blood pressure diagnosed and evaluated?
    • What is the treatment for low blood pressure?
  • Liver Disease Liver disease can be cause by a variety of things including infection (hepatitis), diseases such as gallstones, high cholesterol...learn more »
    In This Article
    Liver Disease Article
    • Liver Disease Facts
    • What is liver disease?
    • What are the causes of liver disease?
    • What are the risk factors for liver disease?
    • What are the symptoms of liver disease?
    • When to seek medical care for liver disease
    • How is liver disease diagnosed?
    • What is the treatment for liver disease?
    • What are the complications of liver disease?
    • Can liver disease be prevented?
    • What is the outlook (prognosis) for a person with liver disease?
  • Cirrhosis (Liver) Cirrhosis of the liver refers to a disease in which normal liver cells are replaced by scar tissue caused by alcohol and viral...learn more »
    In This Article
    Cirrhosis (Liver) Article
    • What is cirrhosis?
    • Why does cirrhosis cause problems?
    • What are the signs and symptoms of cirrhosis?
    • What are the complications of cirrhosis?
    • What are the common causes of cirrhosis?
    • How is cirrhosis diagnosed and evaluated?
    • How is cirrhosis treated?
    • What is new and in the future for cirrhosis?
    • Cirrhosis At A Glance
  • High Blood Pressure High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a repeatedly elevated blood pressure exceeding 140 over 90 mmHg -- a...learn more »
    In This Article
    High Blood Pressure Article
    • High blood pressure facts
    • What is high blood pressure?
    • How is the blood pressure measured?
    • How is blood pressure defined?
    • What are the signs and symptoms of high blood pressure?
    • What are the different types of high blood pressure?
    • Isolated systolic high blood pressure
    • White coat high blood pressure
    • Borderline high blood pressure
    • What causes high blood pressure?
    • The metabolic syndrome and obesity
    • What are the causes of secondary high blood pressure?
    • Renal (kidney) hypertension
    • Adrenal gland tumors
    • Coarctation of the aorta
    • What is the treatment for high blood pressure?
  • Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. The two types of diabetes...learn more »
    In This Article
    Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) Article
    • Diabetes facts
    • What is diabetes?
    • What is the impact of diabetes?
    • What causes diabetes?
    • What are the different types of diabetes?
    • Type 1 diabetes
    • Type 2 diabetes
    • Other types of diabetes
    • What are diabetes symptoms?
    • How is diabetes diagnosed?
    • Why is blood sugar checked at home?
    • What are the acute complications of diabetes?
    • What are the chronic complications of diabetes?
    • What can be done to slow diabetes complications?
  • Headache Headaches can be divided into two categories: primary headaches and secondary headaches. Migraine headaches, tension headaches,...learn more »
    In This Article
    Headache Article
    • Headache facts
    • What is a headache?
    • How are headaches classified?
    • What are primary headaches?
    • What are secondary headaches?
    • What are cranial neuralgias, facial pain, and other headaches?
    • What causes tension headaches?
    • What are the symptoms of tension headaches?
    • How are tension headaches diagnosed?
    • How are tension headaches treated?
    • What causes cluster headaches?
    • What are the symptoms of cluster headaches?
    • How are cluster headaches diagnosed?
    • How are cluster headaches treated?
    • Can cluster headaches be prevented?
    • What diseases cause secondary headaches?
    • How are secondary headaches diagnosed?
    • What are the exams and tests for secondary headaches?
    • When should I seek medical care for a headache?
  • Ascites Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is most commonly caused by cirrhosis of the liver. Some of the other...learn more »
    In This Article
    Ascites Article
    • What is ascites?
    • What causes ascites?
    • What are the types of ascites?
    • What are the risk factors for ascites?
    • What are the symptoms of ascites?
    • When should I call my doctor about ascites?
    • How is ascites diagnosed?
    • What is the treatment for ascites?
    • What are the complications for ascites?
    • Can ascites be prevented?
    • What is the outlook for ascites?
    • Ascites At A Glance
    • Other sources of information on ascites
  • Dementia Dementia is a significant loss of intellectual abilities such as memory capacity, severe enough to interfere with social or...learn more »
    In This Article
    Dementia Article
    • Dementia facts*
    • Introduction to dementia
    • What is dementia?
    • What are the different kinds of dementia?
    • Alzheimer's disease
    • Vascular dementia
    • Lewy body dementia
    • Frontotemporal dementia
    • HIV-associated dementia
    • Huntington's disease
    • Dementia pugilistica
    • Corticobasal degeneration
    • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
    • Other rare hereditary dementias
    • Secondary dementias
    • Dementias in children
    • What other conditions can cause dementia?
    • What conditions are not dementia?
    • What causes dementia?
    • What are the risk factors for dementia?
    • How is dementia diagnosed?
    • Is there any treatment for dementia?
    • Can dementia be prevented?
    • What kind of care does a person with dementia need?
    • What research is being done?
    • How can I help research?
    • Where can I get more information?
  • Brain Tumor A brain tumor can be either benign (non cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), primary, or secondary. Causes and risk factors...learn more »
    In This Article
    Brain Tumor Article
    • Brain tumor facts*
    • What is the brain?
    • What are the tumor grades and types?
    • Tumor grade
    • Types of primary brain tumors
    • What are the risk factors for brain tumors?
    • What are the symptoms of a brain tumor?
    • How are brain tumors diagnosed?
    • What is the treatment for a brain tumor?
    • What type of surgery is available for brain tumors?
    • Radiation therapy for brain tumors
    • Chemotherapy for brain tumors
    • What about a second opinion for brain tumor treatment?
    • Nutrition during brain tumor treatment
    • What supportive care is available for patients and caregivers?
    • What about rehabilitation after brain tumor treatment?
    • What about follow-up care after brain tumor treatment?
    • Sources of support
    • Taking part in cancer research
  • Liver Cancer Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world and the majority of patients with liver cancer will die within one year...learn more »
    In This Article
    Liver Cancer Article
    • Liver cancer facts
    • What is liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)?
    • What is the scope of the liver cancer problem?
    • What are the population characteristics (epidemiology) of liver cancer?
    • What are liver cancer causes and risk factors?
    • What are liver cancer symptoms and signs?
    • How is liver cancer diagnosed?
    • Blood tests
    • Imaging studies
    • Liver biopsy or aspiration
    • What is the natural history of liver cancer?
    • What are the treatment options for liver cancer?
    • Chemotherapy and biotherapy
    • Chemoembolization (trans-arterial chemoembolization or TACE)
    • Radioembolization
    • Ablation techniques
    • Cryoablation
    • Stereotactic radiosurgery
    • Proton beam therapy
    • Surgery
    • Is there a role for routine screening for liver cancer?
    • What is fibrolamellar carcinoma?
    • What's in the future for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer?
  • Stroke A stroke results from impaired oxygen delivery to brain cells via the bloodstream. A stroke is also referred to as a CVA, or...learn more »
    In This Article
    Stroke Article
    • Stroke facts
    • What is a stroke?
    • What causes a stroke?
    • What are the risk factors for stroke?
    • What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
    • What is the impact of strokes?
    • What are stroke symptoms?
    • What should be done if you suspect you or someone else is having a stroke?
    • How is a stroke diagnosed?
    • What is the treatment of a stroke?
    • Is surgical treatment done for strokes?
    • What complications can occur after a stroke?
    • What can be done to prevent a stroke?
    • What is in the future for stroke treatment?
  • Hepatitis C (HCV, Hep C) Hepatitis C is an inflammation of the liver due to the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is usually spread by blood transfusion,...learn more »
    In This Article
    Hepatitis C (HCV, Hep C) Article
    • Hepatitis C infection (HCV, hep C) facts
    • What is hepatitis C infection?
    • What is the nature (biology) of the hepatitis C virus?
    • How does liver damage occur in hepatitis C infection?
    • How is hepatitis C virus spread, is it contagious, and how can transmission be prevented?
    • What are the symptoms of hepatitis C infection?
    • What conditions outside the liver are associated with hepatitis C infection?
    • What is the usual progression of chronic hepatitis C infection?
    • Who is at high risk and should be tested for hepatitis C infection?
    • What are the diagnostic tests for hepatitis C virus and how are they used to diagnose hepatitis C infection?
    • What is the role of a liver biopsy in the management of chronic hepatitis C infection?
    • What is the treatment for hepatitis C infection?
    • Who should receive antiviral therapy for hepatitis C infection?
    • What are the different patterns of response to antiviral treatment?
    • What are the goals of therapy for hepatitis C infection?
    • What are the therapy options for previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C infection?
    • How are relapses and nonresponders treated?
    • Should individuals with acute hepatitis C infection be treated?
    • What are the side effects of treatment for hepatitis C infection?
    • What about liver transplantation for hepatitis C infection?
    • What is the current research and what is in the future for hepatitis C infection?
  • Herpes Simplex Infections (Cold Sores, Non-Genital) Herpes simplex infections are common and when they appear around the mouth and lips, people often refer to them as "cold sores"...learn more »
    In This Article
    Herpes Simplex Infections (Cold Sores, Non-Genital) Article
    • Herpes simplex infections (nongenital cold sores) facts
    • What are herpes simplex infections?
    • What causes cold sores?
    • What makes herpes (cold sores) recur?
    • How do cold sores spread?
    • What are the signs and symptoms of cold sores?
    • What is primary oral herpes?
    • What does recurrent herpes look like?
    • How long do cold sores last?
    • What are the possible complications of oral herpes (cold sores)?
    • What other conditions can look like oral herpes (cold sores)?
    • What is angular stomatitis?
    • What are canker sores?
    • How is oral herpes diagnosed?
    • What is the treatment for cold sores, are there any home remedies, and what medications are used?
  • Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia is a syndrome caused by low blood sugar. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include palpitations, trembling, intense hunger,...learn more »
    In This Article
    Hypoglycemia Article
    • What is hypoglycemia?
    • Who is at risk for hypoglycemia?
    • I thought high blood sugar was bad. Why is low blood sugar also bad?
    • Can the body protect itself from hypoglycemia?
    • What are symptoms of hypoglycemia and how low is too low?
    • How is hypoglycemia treated?
    • Is there anything else that should be done to manage hypoglycemia?
  • Alcoholism Alcoholism is a disease that includes alcohol craving and continued drinking despite repeated alcohol-related problems, such as...learn more »
    In This Article
    Alcoholism Article
    • Alcoholism and alcohol abuse facts
    • What is alcohol abuse?
    • What is alcoholism?
    • What differentiates alcohol abuse from alcoholism?
    • What are risk factors for alcoholism?
    • What causes alcoholism? Is alcoholism hereditary?
    • What are alcohol abuse and alcoholism symptoms and signs in teenagers, women, men, and the elderly?
    • How is alcoholism diagnosed?
    • What are the stages of alcoholism?
    • What is the treatment for alcoholism?
    • What medications treat alcoholism?
    • How can you tell if someone has a drinking problem?
    • Can an alcoholic just cut back or stop drinking?
    • Is there a safe level of drinking?
    • Is it safe to drink alcohol while pregnant?
    • How can someone find more information or get help or support to treat alcohol abuse and alcoholism?
    • What are the long-term physical and psychological effects of alcohol abuse and alcoholism?
    • What is codependency and what is the treatment for codependency?
    • Can alcoholism be prevented?
    • What is the prognosis of alcoholism?
  • Tremors Tremor is the involuntary movements of one or more parts of the body. Causes of tremor include neurological disorders,...learn more »
    In This Article
    Tremors Article
    • What is tremor?
    • What causes tremor?
    • What are the characteristics of tremor?
    • What are the different categories of tremor?
    • How is tremor diagnosed?
    • Are there any treatments for tremor?
    • What research is being done on tremor?
    • Where can I get more information?
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the cause of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). HIV is a type of virus called a...learn more »
    In This Article
    Human Immunodeficiency Virus Article
    • HIV facts
    • What is the history of HIV, and when was HIV discovered?
    • What tests are used in the diagnosis of HIV?
    • How is HIV transmitted (spread)?
    • What happens after an exposure to the blood or genital secretions of an HIV-infected person?
    • What are HIV symptoms and signs in men, women, and children?
    • What laboratory tests are used to monitor HIV-infected people?
    • What are the key principles in managing HIV infection?
    • Should patients with the flu- or mono-like illness of primary HIV infection be treated?
    • What about treatment for HIV during pregnancy?
    • What can be done for people who have severe immunosuppression?
    • What is the future for HIV-infected individuals with regards to treatment simplification and cure research?
    • What is in the future for preventing HIV transmission?
  • Hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia is a serious health problem for diabetics. There are two types of hyperglycemia, 1) fasting, and 2)postprandial or...learn more »
    In This Article
    Hyperglycemia Article
    • Hyperglycemia facts
    • What is hyperglycemia?
    • What causes hyperglycemia?
    • What are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?
    • How is hyperglycemia diagnosed?
    • How is hyperglycemia treated?
    • What are the complications of hyperglycemia?
  • Depression Depression is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts and affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one...learn more »
    In This Article
    Depression Article
    • Depression facts
    • What is a depressive disorder?
    • What are myths about depression?
    • What are the types of depression, and what are depression symptoms and signs?
    • Depression symptoms and signs in men
    • Depression symptoms and signs in women
    • Depression symptoms and signs in teenagers
    • Depression symptoms and signs in children
    • What are the causes and risk factors of depression?
    • Postpartum depression
    • How is depression diagnosed?
    • What treatments are available for depression?
    • What is the general approach to treating depression?
    • What about sexual dysfunction related to antidepressants?
    • What about discontinuing antidepressants?
    • What are complications of depression?
    • What is the prognosis for depression?
    • How can depression be prevented?
    • What about self-help and home remedies?
    • How can someone help a person who is depressed?
    • Where can one seek help for depression?
    • What is in the future for depression?
    • Where can people find more information about depression?
  • Seizure (Epilepsy) Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which the person has seizures. There are two kinds of seizures, focal and generalized. There are...learn more »
    In This Article
    Seizure (Epilepsy) Article
    • Introduction
    • What is epilepsy?
    • What causes epilepsy?
    • What are the different kinds of seizures?
    • Focal seizures
    • Generalized seizures
    • What are the different kinds of epilepsy?
    • When are seizures not epilepsy?
    • First seizures
    • Febrile seizures
    • Nonepileptic events
    • Eclampsia
    • How is epilepsy diagnosed?
    • Can epilepsy be prevented?
    • How can epilepsy be treated?
    • How does epilepsy affect daily life?
    • Are there special risks associated with epilepsy?
    • What research is being done on epilepsy?
    • How can I help research on epilepsy?
    • What to do if you see someone having a seizure
    • Conclusion
    • Where can I get more information?
  • Hepatitis B (HBV, Hep B) The hepatitis B virus (HBV, hep B) is a unique, coated DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. The course of...learn more »
    In This Article
    Hepatitis B (HBV, Hep B) Article
    • What is hepatitis?
    • How is the hepatitis B virus spread (transmitted)?
    • What are the symptoms of acute hepatitis B infection?
    • What are the symptoms of chronic hepatitis B infection?
    • How is hepatitis B diagnosed?
    • What is the role of a liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis B?
    • What is the natural course of chronic hepatitis B?
    • What medications are used to treat hepatitis B?
    • What are the effects of alcohol on hepatitis B?
    • What are the effects of immunosuppressive medications on hepatitis B?
    • What is delta hepatitis?
    • What about co-infection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus?
    • What happens in co-infection with hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus?
    • What is the role of liver transplantation in hepatitis B?
    • What can be done to prevent hepatitis B?
    • What is new in the treatment of hepatitis B?
    • Hepatitis B At A Glance
  • Liver The liver is the largest solid organ in the body, and is actually an gland. The liver has a wide variety of critical functions...learn more »
    In This Article
    Liver Article
    • Liver facts
    • Liver overview
    • How large is the liver?
    • Where is the liver located (liver anatomy)?
    • What is the function of the liver?
    • What special features enable the liver to do so much?
    • What diseases affect the liver?
    • How do liver diseases cause symptoms?
    • What about blood tests for the diagnosis of liver disease?
    • Why does the doctor examine the liver?
    • What is a liver biopsy?
    • What else is important about the liver?
  • Diabetes Treatment The major goal in treating diabetes is controlling elevated blood sugar without causing abnormally low levels of blood sugar....learn more »
    In This Article
    Diabetes Treatment Article
    • What is the treatment for diabetes?
    • Medications for type 2 diabetes
    • Sulfonylureas
    • Meglitinides - (Prandin and Starlix)
    • Medications that decrease the amount of glucose produced by the liver
    • Medications that increase glucose excretion by the kidney
    • Medications that increase the sensitivity of cells to insulin (Actos and Avandia)
    • Medications that decrease the absorption of carbohydrates from the intestine (Precose)
    • Medications that affect glycemic control (Symlin, Byetta, Victoza, Bydureon)
    • DPP-IV inhibitors
    • Combination medications
    • Treatment of diabetes with insulin
    • Different methods of delivering insulin
    • Pre-filled insulin pens
    • Insulin pump
    • Inhaled Insulin
    • Intranasal, Transderm
    • Diabetes diet
    • The future of pancreas transplantation
  • Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Whooping cough (pertussis) is highly contagious respiratory infection that is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. There...learn more »
    In This Article
    Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Article
    • Whooping cough (pertussis) facts
    • What is whooping cough? What is the history of whooping cough?
    • What causes whooping cough?
    • What are risk factors for whooping cough?
    • Can whooping cough be prevented with a vaccine?
    • What are whooping cough symptoms, signs, and stages?
    • How is whooping cough transmitted?
    • Can adults get whooping cough?
    • How is whooping cough diagnosed?
    • What is the treatment for whooping cough?
    • What is the prognosis for whooping cough?
    • What are possible complications of whooping cough?
    • Where can people find more information about whooping cough (pertussis)?
  • Hepatitis (Viral Hepatitis, A, B, C, D, E, G) Hepatitis is most often viral, due to infection with one of the hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E, F (not confirmed), and G) or...learn more »
    In This Article
    Hepatitis (Viral Hepatitis, A, B, C, D, E, G) Article
    • Viral hepatitis facts
    • Viral hepatitis definition and overview
    • What are the common types of viral hepatitis?
    • Who is at risk for viral hepatitis?
    • What are the symptoms and signs of viral hepatitis?
    • What is acute fulminant hepatitis?
    • What is chronic viral hepatitis?
    • How is viral hepatitis diagnosed?
    • What is the treatment for viral hepatitis?
    • How is viral hepatitis prevented?
    • Hepatitis vaccinations
    • What is the prognosis of viral hepatitis?
  • Histoplasmosis Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by the Histoplasma capsulatum fungus. Symptoms and signs of this infection are fever, dry...learn more »
    In This Article
    Histoplasmosis Article
    • What is histoplasmosis?
    • What causes histoplasmosis?
    • What are the symptoms and signs of histoplasmosis?
    • Are there different types of histoplasmosis?
    • How is histoplasmosis transmitted?
    • How is histoplasmosis diagnosed?
    • How is histoplasmosis treated?
    • What are the complications seen with histoplasmosis?
    • How is histoplasmosis prevented?
    • What is the prognosis (outlook) for people with histoplasmosis?
    • Where is more information available on histoplasmosis?
    • Histoplasmosis At A Glance
  • Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy (CP) is an abnormality of motor function and postural tone acquired at an early age (even before birth). Cerebral...learn more »
    In This Article
    Cerebral Palsy Article
    • Cerebral palsy facts
    • What is cerebral palsy?
    • What are causes of cerebral palsy?
    • What are symptoms and signs of cerebral palsy?
    • What are the types of cerebral palsy?
    • What is spastic cerebral palsy?
    • What is dyskinetic cerebral palsy?
    • What is ataxic cerebral palsy?
    • What is dystonic cerebral palsy?
    • What is choreoathetoid cerebral palsy?
    • What is hypotonic cerebral palsy?
    • What is mixed cerebral palsy?
    • What other conditions are associated with cerebral palsy?
    • How is a child evaluated for cerebral palsy?
    • How is cerebral palsy treated?
    • What are specific treatment plans for cerebral palsy?
    • What is the long-term outlook for patients with cerebral palsy?
  • Coma Coma is the inability to waken or react to the surrounding environment. The Glasgow Coma Scale is frequently used to measure the...learn more »
    In This Article
    Coma Article
    • What is a "coma"?
    • What is the Glasgow Coma Scale?
    • What are the causes of a coma?
    • Trauma
    • Bleeding (Hemorrhage)
    • Epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid hemorrhages
    • Tumors
    • Swelling
    • Infection
    • Lack of oxygen
    • Hypoglycemic coma
    • Poisons
    • How is coma assessed?
    • What tests are there for coma?
    • What is the outcome and prognosis for a patient in a coma?
    • Induced Coma
  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection. Symptoms and signs of AIDS include pneumonia due to Pneumocystis jiroveci,...learn more »
    In This Article
    Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Article
    • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) facts
    • What does AIDS stand for? What causes AIDS?
    • What is the history of AIDS?
    • What are symptoms and signs of AIDS?
    • What are risk factors for developing AIDS?
    • How is AIDS diagnosed?
    • What is the treatment for HIV/AIDS?
    • What is the treatment for HIV during pregnancy?
    • What is the treatment for non-HIV-infected people who are exposed to the genital secretions or blood someone with HIV?
    • What are the complications of HIV?
    • What is the prognosis for HIV infection?
    • Can HIV infection be prevented?
    • Is there a vaccine for HIV?
    • What research is being done to find a cure for HIV?
    • Where can a person find information about clinical trials for HIV and AIDS?
  • Birth Defects Birth defects have many causes and currently, are the leading cause of death for infants in the first year of life. Some of the...learn more »
    In This Article
    Birth Defects Article
    • What are birth defects?
    • What causes birth defects?
    • What are the different types of birth defects?
    • What are the treatments for birth defects?
  • MELAS Syndrome MELAS syndrome, a rare form of dementia, stands for Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes....learn more »
    In This Article
    MELAS Syndrome Article
    • What is MELAS?
    • What causes MELAS?
    • What are the symptoms of MELAS?
    • How is MELAS diagnosed?
    • When do people with MELAS develop symptoms?
    • How is MELAS treated?
    • Are there other mitochondrial diseases?
  • Seizures Symptoms and Types Seizures are divided into two categories: generalized and partial. Generalized seizures are produced by electrical impulses from...learn more »
    In This Article
    Seizures Symptoms and Types Article
    • Epilepsy and an overview of the types of seizures
    • Types of generalized seizures (including grand mal)
    • Absence seizures
    • Myoclonic seizures
    • Clonic seizures
    • Tonic seizures
    • Atonic seizures
    • Types of partial seizures
    • Simple partial seizures
    • Complex partial seizures
    • Focal seizure that evolves into a generalized convulsive ("grand-mal") seizure
  • Cocaine and Crack Abuse Cocaine is an addictive stimulant that is smoked, snorted, and injected. Crack is cocaine that comes in a rock crystal that is...learn more »
    In This Article
    Cocaine and Crack Abuse Article
    • Cocaine and crack abuse facts
    • What is cocaine? What is crack?
    • How is cocaine abused?
    • What are cocaine's effects on the body and the mind?
    • What causes and prevents cocaine abuse and addiction?
    • What are symptoms and signs of cocaine abuse and addiction?
    • How is cocaine addiction diagnosed?
    • What is the treatment for cocaine and crack addiction?
    • What are symptoms and signs of cocaine withdrawal?
    • What are the long-term effects and the prognosis for cocaine and crack addiction?
    • Where can people find more information about cocaine and crack abuse?
  • Reye's Syndrome Reye's syndrome (RS, or Reye syndrome) is a sudden, sometimes fatal, disease of the brain with degeneration of the liver. Reye...learn more »
    In This Article
    Reye's Syndrome Article
    • Reye's syndrome facts
    • What is Reye's syndrome?
    • What causes Reye's syndrome?
    • What are risk factors for Reye's syndrome?
    • What are Reye's syndrome symptoms and signs?
    • How is Reye's syndrome diagnosed?
    • What is the treatment for Reye's syndrome?
    • What is the prognosis for Reye's syndrome?
    • Can Reye's syndrome be prevented?
    • What research is being done on Reye's syndrome?
    • Where can I find more information about Reye's syndrome?
  • Shigella Shigellosis is a disease caused by the Shigella bacteria. Bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps and fever are common symptoms. Mild...learn more »
    In This Article
    Shigella Article
    • What is shigellosis? What causes shigellosis?
    • What sort of germ is Shigella?
    • How can Shigella infections be diagnosed?
    • How can Shigella infections be treated?
    • Are there long term consequences of a Shigella infection?
    • How do people catch Shigella?
    • What can a person do to prevent this illness?
    • How common is shigellosis?
    • What else can be done to prevent shigellosis?
    • What is the government doing about shigellosis?
    • How can I learn more about this and other public health problems?
    • Some tips for preventing the spread of shigellosis
  • Leigh's Disease (Leigh's Syndrome) Leigh's disease (Leigh's syndrome) is a rare genetic neurometabolic disorder. The symptoms of Leigh's disease include loss of...learn more »
    In This Article
    Leigh's Disease (Leigh's Syndrome) Article
    • What is Leigh's disease (Leigh's syndrome)?
    • What causes Leigh's disease?
    • What are the symptoms of Leigh's disease?
    • Is there any treatment for Leigh's disease?
    • Are there other forms of Leigh's disease?
    • What is the prognosis for Leigh's disease?
    • What research is being done with Leigh's disease?
    • Clinical trials for Leigh's disease
    • Support for Leigh's disease
  • Adult Brain Tumors Adult brain tumors are diseases in which cancer (malignant) cells begin to grow in the tissues of the brain. The brain controls...learn more »
    In This Article
    Adult Brain Tumors Article
    • Adult brain tumor facts*
    • What are adult brain tumors?
    • What are metastatic brain tumors?
    • What are the symptoms of an adult brain tumor?
    • What tests are used to find and diagnose adult brain tumors?
    • What is the grade of a tumor?
    • What are the types of adult brain tumors?
    • How are adult brain tumors treated?
    • Three types of standard treatment are used.
    • Other types of treatment that are being tested in clinical trials
    • Treatment options by type of adult brain tumor
    • Where can a patient get more information about adult brain tumors?
  • Mad Cow Disease Mad cow disease (or bovine spongiform encephalopathy [BSE]) is a fatal disease that attacks the central nervous system of adult...learn more »
    In This Article
    Mad Cow Disease Article
    • Mad cow disease facts, history, how it's spread, and link to variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD)
    • How many cases of mad cow disease have been identified in the U.S.?
    • How many cases of mad cow disease have been identified in Canada?
    • What are the different strains of mad cow disease?
    • Can feed bans prevent the spread of mad cow disease?
    • What is the prevalence of mad cow disease in the U.S. and Canada?