Encephalitis and Meningitis (cont.)
Are there vaccines against meningitis?
Yes. There are vaccines against Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type B) and against some strains of N. meningitidis and many types of
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
The vaccines against Hib are considered very safe and highly
effective. By age 6 months of age, every infant should receive at
least three doses of an Hib vaccine. A fourth dose ("booster") should be
given to children between 12 and 18 months of age.
There is also a vaccine that protects against four strains of N. meningitidis, but it is not routinely used in the United States. It
is not effective in children under 18 months of age. It is sometimes
used to control outbreaks of some types of meningococcal meningitis
in the United States. College students are typically given the vaccine prior to residence at college.
Although large epidemics of meningococcal meningitis do not occur in the United States, some countries experience large, periodic epidemics. Overseas travelers should check to see if meningococcal vaccine is recommended for their destination. Travelers should receive the vaccine at least
one week before departure, if possible.
A vaccine to prevent meningitis due to S. pneumoniae (also called pneumococcal meningitis) can also prevent other forms of infection due to
S. pneumoniae. The pneumococcal vaccine is not effective in children under 2 years of age, but it is recommended for all people over 65 years of age and younger people with certain chronic medical problems.
- Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain.
- Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes
(called meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord.
- Anyone experiencing symptoms of encephalitis or meningitis should
see a doctor immediately.
Last Editorial Review: 11/21/2007
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