Chronic Depression (Dysthymia)

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• What causes dysthymia?
• What are the signs and symptoms of dysthymia?
• Is dysthymia common in the U.S.?
• How is dysthymia diagnosed?
• How is dysthymia treated?
• What is psychotherapy?
• How do antidepressants help ease dysthymia?
• Are there other treatments available for dysthymia?
• What else can I do to feel better?
• Can dysthymia worsen?

Dysthymia, sometimes referred to as chronic depression, is a less severe form of depression. With dysthymia, the depression symptoms can linger for a long period of time, perhaps two years or longer. Those who suffer from dysthymia are usually able to function adequately but might seem consistently unhappy.

What Causes Dysthymia?

Experts are not sure what causes dysthymia. This form of chronic depression is thought to be related to brain changes that involve serotonin, a chemical or neurotransmitter that aids your brain in coping with emotions. Major life stressors, chronic illness, medications, and relationship or work problems may also increase the chances of dysthymia.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Dysthymia?

The symptoms of dysthymia are the same as those of major depression but not as intense and include the following:

• Persistent sad or empty feeling



• Difficulty sleeping (sleeping too much or too little)



• Insomnia (early morning awakening)



• Feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, and worthlessness



• Feelings of guilt



• Loss of interest or the ability to enjoy oneself



• Loss of energy or fatigue



• Difficulty concentrating, thinking or making decisions



• Changes in appetite (overeating or loss of appetite)



• Observable mental and physical sluggishness



• Persistent aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that do not ease even with treatment



• Thoughts of death or suicide

Is Dysthymia Common in the U.S.?

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 10.9 million Americans aged 18 and older are affected by dysthymia. While not disabling like major depression, dysthymia can keep you from feeling your best and functioning optimally. Dysthymia can begin in childhood or in adulthood and seems to be more common in women.

Suggested Reading by Our Doctors

• citalopram, Celexa - Information about citalopram (Celexa) an antidepressant drug prescribed for depression, anxiety, OCD, panic disorder, PTSD, and premenstrual dysphoric syndrome.
• Psychotherapy - Mental Health: Psychotherapy To Treat Depressionin teens and adults
• Stress - Read about stress symptoms, signs, causes and treatment. Get information on stress management tips, the effects on the body and stress types (teen, job, PTSD).

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