Complete Blood Count (cont.)
What are the functions of the cells in a complete blood count
(CBC)?
The cells in the CBC (white blood cells, red blood
cells, and platelets) have unique functions. Generally speaking, white blood
cells are an essential part of
the immune system and help
the body fight infections. Each different component of the white blood cell (the
WBC differential) plays a specific role in the immune system.
Red blood cells are essential in transporting oxygen to all the cells in the
body to serve their functions. The hemoglobin molecule in the red blood cell is
the vehicle for the transportation of oxygen. Platelets are a part of the blood
clotting system in the body and help in preventing bleeding.
What is the complete blood count (CBC) used for?
Your doctor may order this test for a variety of reasons. It may be a part of
a routine check-up or screening, or as a follow-up test to monitor certain
treatments. It can also be done as a part of an evaluation based on a patient's
symptoms.
For example, a high WBC count (leukocytosis) may signify an infection
somewhere in the body or, less commonly, it may signify an underlying
malignancy. A low WBC count (leukopenia) may point toward a
bone marrow problem
or related to some medications, such as chemotherapy. A doctor may order the
test to follow the WBC count in order to monitor the response to a treatment for
an infection. The components in the differential of the WBC count also have
specific functions and if altered, they may provide clues for particular
conditions.
A low red blood cell count or low hemoglobin may suggest anemia, which can
have many causes. Possible causes of high red blood cell count or hemoglobin
(erythrocytosis) may include bone marrow disease or low blood oxygen levels
(hypoxia).
A low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) may be the cause of prolonged
bleeding or other medical conditions. Conversely, a high platelet count
(thrombocytosis) may
point toward a bone marrow problem or severe inflammation.
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