Children's Health
Medical Author:
Barbara
K. Hecht, PhD
Medical Revising Author:
David Perlstein, MD, FAAP
Medical Editor:
William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR
Physical Activity Keeps Kids Healthy
Medical Author: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD
Medical Editor: Barbara K. Hecht, PhD
Pediatric experts agree that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity can help keep kids healthy. In 2005, a 13-member panel of pediatric experts issued a strong recommendation that school-age children engage in a minimum of 60 minutes per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, which is now the official recommendation from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). These agencies recommend that all children 2 years of age and older should get 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise on most, preferably all, days of the week.
This "moderate-to-vigorous" level of physical activity can be achieved by
brisk walking, jumping rope, or playing basketball, soccer, or other sports.
Pediatric experts note that while children take in essentially the same number of
calories as always, their amount of physical activity is drastically lower than
that of children 10 to 20 years ago. The technology revolution has lead to an
increase in the number of popular activities for children (such as video gaming
and computer use) that do not require physical effort.
To arrive at these recommendations, members of the expert pediatric panel reviewed thousands of published research reports that examined the relationship of physical activity to children's mental and physical health.
Theoretically, 60 minutes of physical activity could be achieved by
participation in school activities through a combination of daily physical-education classes, after-school sports programs, and recess activities.
Unfortunately, physical education is not taken seriously by many schools or is
allowed to slide when a student experiences academic difficulties.
Top Searched Children's Health Terms
immunizations,
teens,
birth defects,
ADHD,
autism
Introduction
Children's health, or pediatrics,
focuses on the well-being of children from conception through adolescence. It is
vitally concerned with all aspects of children's growth and development and with
the unique opportunity that each child has to achieve their full potential as a
healthy adult.
Children's health was once a part of adult medicine. It
emerged in the 19th and early 20th century as a medical specialty because of the
gradual awareness that the health problems of children are different from those
of grown-ups. It was also recognized that a child's response to illness,
medications, and the environment depends upon the age of the child.
There are many aspects to children's health. Any organization of these aspects of
child health is necessarily arbitrary. For example, the topics could be
presented in alphabetical order. However, it seems most logical to start at the
beginning -- with the factors that determine a child's healthy growth and
development.
Growth and development
A healthy child's development actually begins before conception with the parents'
health and their genetic legacy. It continues on to conception and through the
prenatal period. During this time, there is naturally considerable overlap
between pediatric concerns for the fetus and obstetrical concerns for
the mother.
Once the baby is delivered, there are new and important matters to
ponder, such as breastfeeding, newborn screening tests and sleeping
safety. All too soon, there are health-care appointments to be kept, for example, for
well-baby checkups and immunizations. These are followed by other
challenges, such as when to introduce solid foods and to start toilet training.
The field of pediatrics recognizes classic stages in growth and development,
but these are artificial since a child's growth and development constitute a
continuum. A baby changes at an astonishing rate during the newborn period and
early infancy. Before you know it, the baby becomes a toddler, next a child and,
after a little more than a decade, is already a teen. It is a busy, challenging
period.
Children's illnesses
Unfortunately, even the healthiest baby can get sick. It
is worth knowing the signs and symptoms of the common childhood illnesses as well as
the treatment and prevention of these illnesses. There are a number of common
childhood conditions such as ear infections and even tonsillitis, which may be unavoidable. But
children are also subject
to serious infectious diseases, some of which can be prevented by immunizations.
Children may be born with health problems. For example, a cleft lip or palate is evident at birth. But some
equally common birth defects, such as heart
malformations, may not be immediately apparent. Birth defects of all kinds are a
consequential concern for children and their parents. It is estimated that
between 2%-3% of all children are born with birth defects.
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