Bunions (cont.)
How is a bunion diagnosed?
The doctor considers a bunion when noting
the
symptoms described above. The anatomy of the foot is
assessed
during the examination. Radiographs (x-ray films) of the
foot can be
helpful to determine the integrity of the joints of the foot
and to
screen for underlying conditions, such as arthritis or gout.
X-ray films are an excellent method of calculating the
alignment
of the toes.
How are bunions treated?
Simply resting the foot by avoiding
excessive
walking and wearing loose (wider) shoes or sandals can often
relieve the irritating pain of bunions. Walking shoes may
have
some advantages, for example, over high-heeled styles that
tug
the big toe outward.
Anti-inflammation medications, such as
aspirin,
ibuprofen and naproxen, can help to ease inflammation as
well as
pain. Local cold pack application is sometimes helpful as
well.
To reduce tension on the inner part of the
joint of a bunion, stretching exercises are sometimes
given. A
bunion splint, usually worn at night, can provide further
relief.
Depending on the structure of the foot, custom insoles
might add
further support and repositioning.
Inflammation of the joint at the base of
the
big toe can often be relieved by a local injection of
cortisone.
Any signs of skin breakdown or infection
can
require antibiotics.
When the measures above are effective in
relieving symptoms, patients should avoid irritating the
bunion
again by optimizing footwear and foot care.
For those whose bunions cause persisting
pain, a
surgical operation is considered. Surgical procedures can
correct
deformity and relieve pain leading to improved function.
These
procedures typically involve removing the bony growth of the
bunion while realigning the big toe. Surgery is often, but
not
always, successful, and failure to relieve pain can result
from the
big toe moving back to its deviated position before the
operation. Proper footwear and activity restrictions can
reduce
the chances of surgical failure.
Bunions At A Glance
- Bunions involve enlargement and repositioning of
joints at the ball of the foot.
- Bunions most commonly affect women.
- Bunions may or may not cause symptoms.
- Treatment of bunions can include rest, alteration of
footwear, foot supports, medications, and/or
surgery.
Last Editorial Review: 1/28/2008
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