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The Cleveland Clinic

Breast Reconstruction

Reconstructive plastic surgery for breast cancer is performed to replace skin, breast tissue and the nipple-areolar complex removed during a mastectomy. The amount of missing tissue varies with each mastectomy. Factors contributing to the amount of tissue removed include the width, size and location of the original tumor and its proximity to the axilla, where the lymph glands are removed.

The ultimate goal of reconstruction is to restore symmetry between the two breasts.

Reconstruction: A Personal Decision

The choices that are right for one woman won't necessarily be right for another. That's because the long-term prospects of living without a breast or part of a breast affect every woman differently.

After your mastectomy, you may choose to wear external breast forms or pads or make no attempt to alter your appearance. Or you may choose breast reconstruction, using either breast implants or your own tissue.

Continual improvements in plastic surgery techniques offer better results today than ever before and make breast reconstruction an option for most women facing a mastectomy.

The decision, however, is a personal one and often not easy to make.



Next: Why should I consider breast reconstruction? »

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Breast Reconstruction

What is the breast?

The breast generally refers to the front of the chest and medically specifically to the mammary gland.

(The word "mammary" comes from "mamma," the Greek and Latin word for the breast, which derives from the cry "mama" uttered by infants and young children, sometimes meaning "I want to feed at the breast.")

How is the mammary gland designed?

The mammary gland is a milk-producing structure that is composed largely of fat cells (cells capable of storing fat). The fat deposits are laid down in the breast under the influence of the female hormone estrogen. Just as the surge of estrogens at adolescence encourages this process, androgens, such as testosterone, discourage it.

Within the mammary gland there is a complex network of branching ducts (tubes or channels). These ducts exit from sac-like structures called lobules.

The lobules in the breast are the glands that can produce mil...

Read the Breast article »










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