Brain Tumor
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Exercise in Adolescence May Cut Risk of Deadly Brain Tumor
By Jennifer Thomas
HealthDay Reporter
TUESDAY, Oct. 6 (HealthDay News) -- Exercising during adolescence may help guard against a deadly form of brain tumor in adulthood, new research suggests. The study also found that avoiding obesity during the teen years was associated with a lower risk of developing the cancerous brain tumors called gliomas, while being tall increased the chances of such malignancies. The study appears in the Nov. 1 issue of Cancer Research. Gliomas are the most common type of brain and central nervous system cancers, accounting for 80% of cases, according to background information in the study. Gliomas cause 13,000 deaths in the United States each year.
Learn more about the link between brain tumors and exercise in teens »
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What is the brain?
The brain is a soft, spongy mass of tissue. It is protected by the bones of the skull and three thin
membranes called meninges. Watery fluid called cerebrospinal fluid cushions the brain. This fluid flows through spaces between the meninges and through spaces within the brain called
ventricles.
A network of nerves carries messages back and forth between the brain and the rest of the body. Some nerves go directly from the brain to the eyes, ears, and other parts of the head. Other nerves run through the spinal cord to connect the brain with the other parts of the body. Within the brain and spinal cord,
glial cells surround nerve cells and hold them in place.
The brain directs the things we choose to do (like
walking and talking) and the things our body does without thinking (like breathing). The brain is also in charge of our senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell), memory, emotions, and personality.
The three major parts of the brain control different activities:
- Cerebrum - The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is at the top of the brain. It uses information from our senses to tell us what is going on around us and tells our body how to respond. It controls reading, thinking, learning, speech, and emotions.
The cerebrum is divided into the left and right cerebral hemispheres, which control separate activities. The right hemisphere controls the muscles on the left side of the body. The left hemisphere controls the muscles on the right side of the body.
- Cerebellum - The cerebellum is under the cerebrum at the back of the brain. The cerebellum controls balance and complex actions like walking and talking.
- Brain Stem - The brain stem connects the brain with the spinal cord. It controls hunger and thirst. It also controls breathing, body temperature, blood pressure, and other basic body functions.
The brain and nearby structures
Major parts of the brain
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- CT Scan (Computerized Axial Tomography) - CT Scan (Computerized Axial Tomography, CAT scan) is a procedure that assists in diagnosing tumors, fractures, bony structures, and infections in the organs and tissues of the body.
- Headache - Learn about the different types of headaches, migraine, tension, cluster, menstrual, and spinal headaches; and their causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.
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Brain Tumor
Encephalopathy »
What is encephalopathy?
Encephalopathy is a term that means brain disease,
damage, or malfunction. Encephalopathy can present a very broad spectrum of
symptoms that range from mild, such as some memory loss or subtle personality
changes, to severe, such as dementia,
seizures, coma, or death. In general,
encephalopathy is manifested by an altered mental state that is sometimes
accompanied by physical manifestations (for example, poor coordination of limb
movements).
The term encephalopathy is very broad and in most cases,
is preceded by various terms that describe the reason, cause, or special
conditions of the patient that leads to brain malfunction. For example, anoxic
encephalopathy
means brain damage due to lack of oxygen, and hepatic encephalopathy means brain
malfunction due to liver disease. Additionally, some other terms either describe body conditions or
syndromes that lead to a specific set of brain malfunctions. Examples of the...
Read the Encephalopathy article »
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